Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Explain the types of solutes in the body, including the major electrolytes.

What is the normal range of osmolality for the blood?

In the ECF, the major cation is magnesium, and major anions are chloride and calcium.

One of the reasons for his high phosphorus could be:

How much of the body's magnesium is within bone?

Describe the thirst mechanism.

Precise determination of metabolic water is:

What is the specific gravity of water?

Loss of gastric acids through vomiting can lead to:

What is the least likely (but possible) cause of hyponatremia?

Vasopressin causes fluid to be reabsorbed in the tubules of the _______________.

Increasing amounts of angiotensin II stimulate release of the hormone _______________ from the adrenal cortex.

The type of fluid involved in Mr. M's imbalance is:

Baroreceptors within blood vessels are stimulated by:

Solutes that do not disperse in fluid, such as large protein molecules, are called _______________.

When blood volume increases, hydrostatic pressure _______________.

Natural licorice and chewing tobacco, if swallowed, contain an _______________ compound that will also stimulate increases in urinary _______________ excretion.

Maintenance of fluid balance is significantly integrated with maintenance of _______________ balance.

The most common cause of hypovolemia is a decrease in urinary output such as that seen in acute liver failure.

Explain what factors influence movement of solutes.