Question 1

Which is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​renal artery stenosis 
B)  ​increased secretion of aldosterone 
C)  ​cardiomyopathy 
D)  ​cigarette smoking 
E)  ​increased secretion of cortisol 
A)  ​renal artery stenosis 
B)  ​increased secretion of aldosterone 
C)  ​cardiomyopathy 
D)  ​cigarette smoking 
E)  ​increased secretion of cortisol D

Question 2

Control of gastric secretions is accomplished through complementary actions of the nervous and _______________ systems.

Accepted Answer

endocrine

Question 3

_______________ is an inflammatory condition characterized by infiltration of eosinophils within the esophageal mucosa.

Accepted Answer

Eosinophilic esophagitis, EoE​

Question 4

Forceful vomiting can either rupture the esophagus, called _______________, or tear the lower esophageal sphincter, called a Mallory-Weiss tear.

Accepted Answer

Boerhaave'

Question 5

What is an example of a change in gastrointestinal physiology that occurs with aging?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Increased upper esophageal pressure 
B)  ​Atrophy of the small intestine mucosa 
C)  ​Enhanced excretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach 
D)  ​Increased incidences of diarrhea 
E)  ​Overproduction of saliva in the mouth 
A)  ​Increased upper esophageal pressure 
B)  ​Atrophy of the small intestine mucosa 
C)  ​Enhanced excretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach 
D)  ​Increased incidences of diarrhea 
E)  ​Overproduction of saliva in the mouth

Question 6

Name four different types of diagnostic procedures that may be used in identifying upper GI pathology.

Accepted Answer

Examples include endoscopy, barium radio

Question 7

Type A gastritis is a condition most often related to _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Type A gastritis is a condition most...

Question 8

Which nutritional recommendation would be most appropriate for LK?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Restricting foods that irritate the gastric mucosa 
B)  ​Allowing plenty of fluids with meals 
C)  ​Eating 1-3 large meals each day 
D)  ​Supplementing with folate and magnesium 
E)  ​Avoiding all desserts and sweets 
A)  ​Restricting foods that irritate the gastric mucosa 
B)  ​Allowing plenty of fluids with meals 
C)  ​Eating 1-3 large meals each day 
D)  ​Supplementing with folate and magnesium 
E)  ​Avoiding all desserts and sweets

Question 9

_______________, or dyspepsia, is not considered to be a specific condition but may involve symptoms of abdominal pain, gas, bloating, nausea, or gastroesophageal reflux.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________, or dyspepsia, is not considered to...

Question 10

The most common symptom related to peptic ulcer disease is:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​nausea. 
B)  ​belching. 
C)  ​epigastric pain. 
D)  ​anorexia. 
E)  ​vomiting. 
A)  ​nausea. 
B)  ​belching. 
C)  ​epigastric pain. 
D)  ​anorexia. 
E)  ​vomiting.

Question 11

Medicines for high blood pressure and depression often are causes of xerostomia.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Explain manifestations, clinical diagnosis, and treatment interventions of gastroesophageal reflux among infants.

Accepted Answer

Gastrointestinal reflux (GER) occurs in

Question 13

Which gastrointestinal condition is not associated with dysphagia?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dumping syndrome 
B)  ​achalasia 
C)  ​hiatal hernia 
D)  ​gastroparesis 
E)  ​GERD 
A)  ​dumping syndrome 
B)  ​achalasia 
C)  ​hiatal hernia 
D)  ​gastroparesis 
E)  ​GERD

Question 14

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by:​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the pylorus. 
B)  ​histamine. 
C)  ​somatostatin. 
D)  ​parietal cells. 
E)  ​mucous cells. 
A)  ​the pylorus. 
B)  ​histamine. 
C)  ​somatostatin. 
D)  ​parietal cells. 
E)  ​mucous cells.

Question 15

Which is considered a true statement regarding hiatal hernia?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Most cases of hiatal hernia are considered type 2 (rolling). 
B)  ​Symptoms of hiatal hernia are similar to those of Crohn's disease. 
C)  ​Incidence of hiatal hernia decreases with age. 
D)  ​Pregnancy may increase the risk of hiatal hernia. 
E)  ​Surgery for hiatal hernia involves Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. 
A)  ​Most cases of hiatal hernia are considered type 2 (rolling). 
B)  ​Symptoms of hiatal hernia are similar to those of Crohn's disease. 
C)  ​Incidence of hiatal hernia decreases with age. 
D)  ​Pregnancy may increase the risk of hiatal hernia. 
E)  ​Surgery for hiatal hernia involves Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Question 16

What describes the mechanism of action of metoclopramide in managing nausea?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Blocking dopamine, which affects the vomiting center in the brain 
B)  ​Increasing the effectiveness of other antiemetics 
C)  ​Strengthening the pyloric sphincter to increase gastric emptying 
D)  ​Reducing the effect of prostaglandins 
E)  ​Blocking substance P in the brain, which has a direct effect on the vomiting center 
A)  ​Blocking dopamine, which affects the vomiting center in the brain 
B)  ​Increasing the effectiveness of other antiemetics 
C)  ​Strengthening the pyloric sphincter to increase gastric emptying 
D)  ​Reducing the effect of prostaglandins 
E)  ​Blocking substance P in the brain, which has a direct effect on the vomiting center

Question 17

The term _______________ refers to an individual without any teeth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term _______________ refers to an individual...

Question 18

List the seven functions of saliva in the oral cavity.

Accepted Answer

Functions of saliva include: (1) moisten

Question 19

Food storage occurs primarily in which part of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​corpus 
B)  ​antrum 
C)  ​fundus 
D)  ​pyloric canal 
E)  ​cardia 
A)  ​corpus 
B)  ​antrum 
C)  ​fundus 
D)  ​pyloric canal 
E)  ​cardia

Question 20

Describe clinical manifestations of GERD.

Accepted Answer

Symptoms of GERD may include dysphagia,

Exam 14: Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Which is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence?​

Control of gastric secretions is accomplished through complementary actions of the nervous and _______________ systems.

_______________ is an inflammatory condition characterized by infiltration of eosinophils within the esophageal mucosa.

Forceful vomiting can either rupture the esophagus, called _______________, or tear the lower esophageal sphincter, called a Mallory-Weiss tear.

What is an example of a change in gastrointestinal physiology that occurs with aging?​

Name four different types of diagnostic procedures that may be used in identifying upper GI pathology.

Type A gastritis is a condition most often related to _______________.

Which nutritional recommendation would be most appropriate for LK?

_______________, or dyspepsia, is not considered to be a specific condition but may involve symptoms of abdominal pain, gas, bloating, nausea, or gastroesophageal reflux.

The most common symptom related to peptic ulcer disease is:​

Medicines for high blood pressure and depression often are causes of xerostomia.

Explain manifestations, clinical diagnosis, and treatment interventions of gastroesophageal reflux among infants.

Which gastrointestinal condition is not associated with dysphagia?​

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by:​

Which is considered a true statement regarding hiatal hernia?​

What describes the mechanism of action of metoclopramide in managing nausea?

The term _______________ refers to an individual without any teeth.

List the seven functions of saliva in the oral cavity.

Food storage occurs primarily in which part of the stomach?

Describe clinical manifestations of GERD.

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment - Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention and Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parental Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury - the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointenstinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver - Gallbladder - and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

HIV and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

Which is an example of a factor that contributes to lower esophageal sphincter incompetence?

What is an example of a change in gastrointestinal physiology that occurs with aging?

The most common symptom related to peptic ulcer disease is:

Which gastrointestinal condition is not associated with dysphagia?

Hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor are secreted in the stomach by:

Which is considered a true statement regarding hiatal hernia?