Question 1

Describe the different classes of antiretroviral meds used to combat HIV infection.

Accepted Answer

There are currently five classes of antiretroviral medications: 1) Entry inhibitors interfere with the virus's ability to bind to receptors on the outer surface of the cell it tries to enter. When receptor binding fails, HIV cannot infect the cell; 2) Fusion inhibitors interfere with the virus's ability to fuse with a cellular membrane, preventing HIV from entering a cell; 3) Nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors are faulty DNA building blocks. When one of these faulty building blocks is added to a growing HIV DNA chain, no further segments can be added on, halting HIV DNA synthesis. Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors bind to reverse transcriptase, interfering with its ability to convert HIV RNA into HIV DNA; 4) Integrase strand transfer inhibitors block the HIV enzyme integrase, which the virus uses to integrate its genetic material into the DNA of the cell it has infected; and 5) Protease inhibitors interfere with the HIV enzyme called protease, which normally cuts long chains of HIV proteins into smaller individual proteins, thus preventing the assembly of new virus particles.​

Question 2

In 2010, the FDA approved the daily injectable drug _______________ to treat accumulation of visceral fat around the liver, stomach, and other abdominal organs.

Accepted Answer

Egrifta (tesamorelin) ​

Question 3

Research has shown that _______________ can improve insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities, and body composition in HIV patients.

Accepted Answer

chromium​

Question 4

Discuss renal problems associated with HIV infection.

Accepted Answer

​
Renal failure in the form of HIV-assoc

Question 5

A low level of what nutrient is associated with greater HIV transmission risk between mother and child?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​iron 
B)  ​vitamin A 
C)  ​selenium 
D)  ​vitamin E 
E)  ​calcium 
A)  ​iron 
B)  ​vitamin A 
C)  ​selenium 
D)  ​vitamin E 
E)  ​calcium

Question 6

What are symptoms of lactic acidosis?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​abdominal pain, vomiting, rapid breathing 
B)  ​high fever, sore throat, dehydration 
C)  ​headache, shallow breathing, chest pain 
D)  ​vomiting, diarrhea, hypertension 
E)  ​high fever, anorexia, hypotension 
A)  ​abdominal pain, vomiting, rapid breathing 
B)  ​high fever, sore throat, dehydration 
C)  ​headache, shallow breathing, chest pain 
D)  ​vomiting, diarrhea, hypertension 
E)  ​high fever, anorexia, hypotension

Question 7

According to the World Health Organization, the HIV epidemic has _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the World Health Organization, the...

Question 8

What is the term for a change in a person's antibody status from negative to positive?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​phenotype conversion 
B)  ​seroconversion 
C)  ​reciprocity 
D)  ​serotransition 
E)  ​genotype transition 
A)  ​phenotype conversion 
B)  ​seroconversion 
C)  ​reciprocity 
D)  ​serotransition 
E)  ​genotype transition

Question 9

A CD4 count below what level defines AIDS?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​below 400/μL 
B)  ​below 350/μL 
C)  ​below 300/μL 
D)  ​below 250/μL 
E)  ​below 200/μL 
A)  ​below 400/μL 
B)  ​below 350/μL 
C)  ​below 300/μL 
D)  ​below 250/μL 
E)  ​below 200/μL

Question 10

What BMI (body mass index) value is associated with increased risk for HIV-related morbidity and mortality?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​less than 17 
B)  ​less than 20 
C)  ​less than 22 
D)  ​less than 24 
E)  ​less than 27 
A)  ​less than 17 
B)  ​less than 20 
C)  ​less than 22 
D)  ​less than 24 
E)  ​less than 27

Question 11

What percentage of weight loss is associated with increased risk for HIV-related morbidity and mortality?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​at least 1-2% 
B)  ​at least 3-5% 
C)  ​at least 5-10% 
D)  ​at least 15% 
E)  ​at least 20% 
A)  ​at least 1-2% 
B)  ​at least 3-5% 
C)  ​at least 5-10% 
D)  ​at least 15% 
E)  ​at least 20%

Question 12

What recommendations might the RD suggest regarding NP's diarrhea?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​avoid bland foods 
B)  ​replace fluids and electrolytes 
C)  ​increase caffeine consumption 
D)  ​a high-fiber diet 
E)  ​an appetite stimulant 
A)  ​avoid bland foods 
B)  ​replace fluids and electrolytes 
C)  ​increase caffeine consumption 
D)  ​a high-fiber diet 
E)  ​an appetite stimulant

Question 13

Limited evidence supports the use of the glycemic index, fiber, or specific fatty acids in individuals with HIV.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Combination _______________ testing for both antigen and antibodies allows for earlier diagnosis of HIV infection.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Combination _______________ testing for both antigen and...

Question 15

Because viral load and CD4 counts have been associated with changes in weight, a low viral load or a high CD4 count should be considered a nutritional risk factor.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

AIDS-related wasting is similar to _______________, which is commonly seen in cancer patients.

Accepted Answer

The answer of AIDS-related wasting is similar to _______________, which...

Question 17

Describe testing of genotype and phenotype assays for HIV mutations.

Accepted Answer

In addition to adequate testing for the

Question 18

Describe a nutritional risk screening for a patient with HIV infection.

Accepted Answer

Nutritional risk screening should be con

Question 19

If NP's diarrhea cannot be remedied or controlled, what is the primary short-term concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​dehydration 
B)  ​muscle cramps 
C)  ​muscle wasting 
D)  ​osteoporosis 
E)  ​peripheral neuropathy 
A)  ​dehydration 
B)  ​muscle cramps 
C)  ​muscle wasting 
D)  ​osteoporosis 
E)  ​peripheral neuropathy

Question 20

What is a virus called that has not undergone mutations due to the use of antiviral meds?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​wild type 
B)  ​pristine sample 
C)  ​original viron 
D)  ​first generation 
E)  ​mother type 
A)  ​wild type 
B)  ​pristine sample 
C)  ​original viron 
D)  ​first generation 
E)  ​mother type

Exam 24: HIV and Aids

Describe the different classes of antiretroviral meds used to combat HIV infection.

In 2010, the FDA approved the daily injectable drug _______________ to treat accumulation of visceral fat around the liver, stomach, and other abdominal organs.

Research has shown that _______________ can improve insulin resistance, metabolic abnormalities, and body composition in HIV patients.

Discuss renal problems associated with HIV infection.

A low level of what nutrient is associated with greater HIV transmission risk between mother and child?​

What are symptoms of lactic acidosis?​

According to the World Health Organization, the HIV epidemic has _______________.

What is the term for a change in a person's antibody status from negative to positive?​

A CD4 count below what level defines AIDS?​

What BMI (body mass index) value is associated with increased risk for HIV-related morbidity and mortality?​

What percentage of weight loss is associated with increased risk for HIV-related morbidity and mortality?​

What recommendations might the RD suggest regarding NP's diarrhea?​

Limited evidence supports the use of the glycemic index, fiber, or specific fatty acids in individuals with HIV.

Combination _______________ testing for both antigen and antibodies allows for earlier diagnosis of HIV infection.

Because viral load and CD4 counts have been associated with changes in weight, a low viral load or a high CD4 count should be considered a nutritional risk factor.

AIDS-related wasting is similar to _______________, which is commonly seen in cancer patients.

Describe testing of genotype and phenotype assays for HIV mutations.

Describe a nutritional risk screening for a patient with HIV infection.

If NP's diarrhea cannot be remedied or controlled, what is the primary short-term concern?

What is a virus called that has not undergone mutations due to the use of antiviral meds?​

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment - Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention and Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parental Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury - the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointenstinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver - Gallbladder - and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

A low level of what nutrient is associated with greater HIV transmission risk between mother and child?

What are symptoms of lactic acidosis?

What is the term for a change in a person's antibody status from negative to positive?

A CD4 count below what level defines AIDS?

What BMI (body mass index) value is associated with increased risk for HIV-related morbidity and mortality?

What percentage of weight loss is associated with increased risk for HIV-related morbidity and mortality?

What recommendations might the RD suggest regarding NP's diarrhea?

What is a virus called that has not undergone mutations due to the use of antiviral meds?