Question 1

What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​liver cirrhosis 
B)  ​inadequate excretion of potassium from renal failure 
C)  ​inadequate excretion of sodium from renal failure 
D)  ​high blood cholesterol levels 
E)  ​chronically low blood pressure 
A)  ​liver cirrhosis 
B)  ​inadequate excretion of potassium from renal failure 
C)  ​inadequate excretion of sodium from renal failure 
D)  ​high blood cholesterol levels 
E)  ​chronically low blood pressure

Question 2

What hormone is released from the kidney and stimulates conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​arginine vasopressin 
B)  ​antidiuretic hormone 
C)  ​renin 
D)  ​pepsin 
E)  ​aldosterone 
A)  ​arginine vasopressin 
B)  ​antidiuretic hormone 
C)  ​renin 
D)  ​pepsin 
E)  ​aldosterone

Question 3

How much of the body's calcium is found in body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​20% 
B)  ​12% 
C)  ​9% 
D)  ​5% 
E)  ​1% 
A)  ​20% 
B)  ​12% 
C)  ​9% 
D)  ​5% 
E)  ​1%

Question 4

The pitting depth of edema is based on what numerical scale?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​1 to 3 
B)  ​0 to 3 
C)  ​0 to 4 
D)  ​1 to 5 
E)  ​1 to 10 
A)  ​1 to 3 
B)  ​0 to 3 
C)  ​0 to 4 
D)  ​1 to 5 
E)  ​1 to 10

Question 5

What is one reason that a physician might order a potassium restriction?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​potassium interacting with kidney disease medications 
B)  ​high potassium levels stimulating the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands 
C)  ​high potassium levels causing the retention of vasopressin 
D)  ​potassium directly interacting with calcium 
E)  ​diet containing very high levels of potassium 
A)  ​potassium interacting with kidney disease medications 
B)  ​high potassium levels stimulating the secretion of aldosterone by the adrenal glands 
C)  ​high potassium levels causing the retention of vasopressin 
D)  ​potassium directly interacting with calcium 
E)  ​diet containing very high levels of potassium

Question 6

Describe the treatment for hyperkalemia.

Accepted Answer

​Treatment of the underlying cause is cr

Question 7

At birth, total body water accounts for approximately 75% of the infant's weight.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the major cation in the ECF (extracellular fluid)?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​calcium 
C)  ​chloride 
D)  ​potassium 
E)  ​glucose 
A)  ​sodium 
B)  ​calcium 
C)  ​chloride 
D)  ​potassium 
E)  ​glucose

Question 9

In older adults, thirst sensation increases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Hypophosphatemia can result from vitamin _______________ deficiency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypophosphatemia can result from vitamin _______________ deficiency....

Question 11

Hypocalcemia most commonly results from a deficit of _______________ or from abnormal vitamin _______________ metabolism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Hypocalcemia most commonly results from a deficit...

Question 12

Magnesium is used to treat what high-risk condition of pregnancy ?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​preeclampsia 
B)  ​spina bifida 
C)  ​Downs' syndrome 
D)  ​leukocytosis 
E)  ​thrombocytosis 
A)  ​preeclampsia 
B)  ​spina bifida 
C)  ​Downs' syndrome 
D)  ​leukocytosis 
E)  ​thrombocytosis

Question 13

The solute concentration in the urine is determined by measuring its _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The solute concentration in the urine is...

Question 14

Malignant tumors that metastasize to bone can lead to:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hypocalcemia 
B)  ​hyperkalemia 
C)  ​hypercalcemia 
D)  ​hypernatremia 
A)  ​hypocalcemia 
B)  ​hyperkalemia 
C)  ​hypercalcemia 
D)  ​hypernatremia

Question 15

The major cation in the ICF is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The major cation in the ICF is...

Question 16

Vitamin D increases absorption of _______________ in the small intestine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Vitamin D increases absorption of _______________ in...

Question 17

Total urine output is the sum of obligatory urine and facultative urine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is hypovolemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​ascites within joints 
B)  ​extracellular fluid deficit 
C)  ​intracellular fluid deficit 
D)  ​blood that's too acidic 
E)  ​blood that's too alkaline 
A)  ​ascites within joints 
B)  ​extracellular fluid deficit 
C)  ​intracellular fluid deficit 
D)  ​blood that's too acidic 
E)  ​blood that's too alkaline

Question 19

Ions with a positive charge are referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  ​electrolytes 
B)  ​cations 
C)  ​anions 
D)  ​molecules 
E)  ​particles 
A)  ​electrolytes 
B)  ​cations 
C)  ​anions 
D)  ​molecules 
E)  ​particles

Question 20

Osmotic pressure can be expressed as either osmolarity or hydraulic force.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

What is the most common cause of hyperkalemia?

What hormone is released from the kidney and stimulates conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I?

How much of the body's calcium is found in body fluids?

The pitting depth of edema is based on what numerical scale?

What is one reason that a physician might order a potassium restriction?

Describe the treatment for hyperkalemia.

At birth, total body water accounts for approximately 75% of the infant's weight.

What is the major cation in the ECF (extracellular fluid)?

In older adults, thirst sensation increases.

Hypophosphatemia can result from vitamin _______________ deficiency.

Hypocalcemia most commonly results from a deficit of _______________ or from abnormal vitamin _______________ metabolism.

Magnesium is used to treat what high-risk condition of pregnancy ?

The solute concentration in the urine is determined by measuring its _______________.

Malignant tumors that metastasize to bone can lead to:

The major cation in the ICF is _______________.

Vitamin D increases absorption of _______________ in the small intestine.

Total urine output is the sum of obligatory urine and facultative urine.

What is hypovolemia?

Ions with a positive charge are referred to as:

Osmotic pressure can be expressed as either osmolarity or hydraulic force.

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment - Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention and Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parental Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Acid Base Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury - the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointenstinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver - Gallbladder - and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

HIV and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

Filters

Hypocalcemia most commonly results from a deficit of _ or from abnormal vitamin _ metabolism.