Exam 7: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Precise determination of _______________ water is not possible; it is thus usually estimated by using intakes of carbohydrate, protein, and _______________ as variables.

Describe the "third spaces".

Describe insensible fluid loss.

Calcium gluconate, given intravenously, can reverse the effects of _______________.

Explain the role of arginine vasopressin in fluid balance.

The medication cyclosporine can cause excessive urinary loss of what electrolyte?

What color of urine reflects dehydration?

Describe the clinical manifestations of hyponatremia.

How much fluid should an average adult consume each day under normal circumstances?

The force that pulls water across membranes is referred to as:

What percentage of a typical adult male's body is comprised of water?

Hypomagnesemia occurs during withdrawal from _______________.

The mechanism of thirst is regulated in the _______________.

What is the most common cause of hypervolemia?

Beverages range between 84% and 100% water, with _______________ being at the lower end of the range.

List the three general categories of alterations in fluid balance.

Hypercalcemia is defined as a serum calcium level:

Hypernatremia can theoretically be caused by either an increase in sodium or a:

Extracellular fluid is divided into three compartments: interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular (or transitional).

How much of the body's water is found within cells (intracellular fluid)?