Question 1

What treatment would be the most effective for his acid-base disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​treat pneumonia and lose weight 
B)  ​control blood pressure and reduce blood cholesterol 
C)  ​anti-inflammatories for osteoarthritis and lose weight 
D)  ​insulin therapy and control blood pressure 
E)  ​manage heart condition and reduce blood cholesterol 
A)  ​treat pneumonia and lose weight 
B)  ​control blood pressure and reduce blood cholesterol 
C)  ​anti-inflammatories for osteoarthritis and lose weight 
D)  ​insulin therapy and control blood pressure 
E)  ​manage heart condition and reduce blood cholesterol

Question 2

List the 4 types of acid-base disorders.

Accepted Answer

​1) respiratory acidosis, 2) r

Question 3

The pH of a substance is measured in a range from 1 to 12.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Buffers are present in all body fluids -- both extracellular and intracellular.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

An example of alkalosis without fluid imbalance is in the condition of primary or secondary _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of An example of alkalosis without fluid imbalance...

Question 6

_______________ is the actual decrease in pH within the body to <7.35.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______________ is the actual decrease in pH...

Question 7

What is the minimum pH of urine in humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  3.9​ 
B)  ​4.2 
C)  ​4.5 
D)  ​4.8 
E)  ​5.1 
A)  3.9​ 
B)  ​4.2 
C)  ​4.5 
D)  ​4.8 
E)  ​5.1

Question 8

What does the hemoglobin buffer system primarily buffer against?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​uric acid changes 
B)  ​kidney phosphate changes 
C)  ​carbonic acid changes 
D)  ​blood oxygen changes 
E)  ​excess red blood cell production 
A)  ​uric acid changes 
B)  ​kidney phosphate changes 
C)  ​carbonic acid changes 
D)  ​blood oxygen changes 
E)  ​excess red blood cell production

Question 9

What is the normal value for oxygen saturation in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​95% or higher 
B)  ​between 94-96% 
C)  ​97% or higher 
D)  ​between 97-99% 
E)  ​99.1% or higher 
A)  ​95% or higher 
B)  ​between 94-96% 
C)  ​97% or higher 
D)  ​between 97-99% 
E)  ​99.1% or higher

Question 10

Pickwickian syndrome is characterized by.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​morbid obesity, breathing problems, respiratory acidosis 
B)  ​morbid obesity, breathing problems, respiratory alkalosis 
C)  ​liver disease, circulation problems, respiratory acidosis 
D)  ​kidney disease, circulation problems, respiratory alkalosis 
E)  ​anorexia nervosa, breathing problems, respiratory alkalosis 
A)  ​morbid obesity, breathing problems, respiratory acidosis 
B)  ​morbid obesity, breathing problems, respiratory alkalosis 
C)  ​liver disease, circulation problems, respiratory acidosis 
D)  ​kidney disease, circulation problems, respiratory alkalosis 
E)  ​anorexia nervosa, breathing problems, respiratory alkalosis

Question 11

Respiratory alkalosis is generally a result of conditions that cause ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hypoglycemia 
B)  ​decreased heart rate 
C)  ​hyperventilation 
D)  ​hypoventilation 
E)  ​kidney disease 
A)  ​hypoglycemia 
B)  ​decreased heart rate 
C)  ​hyperventilation 
D)  ​hypoventilation 
E)  ​kidney disease

Question 12

Where is the respiratory center in the brain located?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pineal gland 
B)  ​pituitary gland 
C)  ​posterior cerebrum 
D)  ​pons 
E)  ​medulla 
A)  ​pineal gland 
B)  ​pituitary gland 
C)  ​posterior cerebrum 
D)  ​pons 
E)  ​medulla

Question 13

Discuss the effect of acid and base shifts on electrolyte balance.

Accepted Answer

​Hydrogen ions and bicarbonate are both

Question 14

Nonvolatile acids include those inorganic acids that are formed during metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The Henderson-Hasselbach equation has been used to explain the interrelationships between H2O, HCO3-, and pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Explain buffers.

Accepted Answer

​A buffer is a substance or a

Question 17

An important buffer system within red blood cells and tubules of the kidney is the ammonium buffer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is the most biochemically important volatile acid in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​hydrochloric acid 
B)  ​acetic acid 
C)  ​phosphoric acid 
D)  ​nitric acid 
E)  ​carbonic acid 
A)  ​hydrochloric acid 
B)  ​acetic acid 
C)  ​phosphoric acid 
D)  ​nitric acid 
E)  ​carbonic acid

Question 19

What happens to ventilation when acidosis occurs and the buffer system is not adequate to control the acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​not affected 
B)  ​becomes erratic 
C)  ​suddenly stops 
D)  ​hyperventilation 
E)  ​hypoventilation 
A)  ​not affected 
B)  ​becomes erratic 
C)  ​suddenly stops 
D)  ​hyperventilation 
E)  ​hypoventilation

Question 20

Free hydrogen ions combine with _______________ to form ammonium.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Free hydrogen ions combine with _______________ to...

Exam 8: Acid Base Balance

What treatment would be the most effective for his acid-base disorder?

List the 4 types of acid-base disorders.

The pH of a substance is measured in a range from 1 to 12.

Buffers are present in all body fluids -- both extracellular and intracellular.

An example of alkalosis without fluid imbalance is in the condition of primary or secondary _______________.

_______________ is the actual decrease in pH within the body to <7.35.

What is the minimum pH of urine in humans?

What does the hemoglobin buffer system primarily buffer against?

What is the normal value for oxygen saturation in the blood?

Pickwickian syndrome is characterized by.

Respiratory alkalosis is generally a result of conditions that cause ____.

Where is the respiratory center in the brain located?

Discuss the effect of acid and base shifts on electrolyte balance.

Nonvolatile acids include those inorganic acids that are formed during metabolism of carbohydrate, protein, and lipid.

The Henderson-Hasselbach equation has been used to explain the interrelationships between H2O, HCO3-, and pH.

Explain buffers.

An important buffer system within red blood cells and tubules of the kidney is the ammonium buffer.

What is the most biochemically important volatile acid in the body?

What happens to ventilation when acidosis occurs and the buffer system is not adequate to control the acidosis?

Free hydrogen ions combine with _______________ to form ammonium.

Role of the Dietitian in the Health Care System

The Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Assessment - Foundation of the Nutrition Care Process

Nutrition Intervention and Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

Enteral and Parental Nutrition Support

Documentation of the Nutrition Care Process

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Cellular and Physiological Response to Injury - the Role of the Immune System

Nutritional Genomics

Pharmacology

Diseases and Disorders of Energy Imbalance

Diseases of the Cardiovascular System

Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Diseases of the Lower Gastrointenstinal Tract

Diseases of the Liver - Gallbladder - and Exocrine Pancreas

Diseases of the Endocrine System

Diseases of the Renal System

Diseases of the Hematological System

Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

Diseases of the Respiratory System

Metabolic Stress and the Critically Ill

Neoplastic Disease

HIV and Aids

Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System

Metabolic Disorders

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