Question 1

A(n) ________ acts to vary the diameter of the light column in a light microscope.

Accepted Answer

A)  condenser 
B)  objective 
C)  ocular 
D)  diaphragm 
E)  lens 
A)  condenser 
B)  objective 
C)  ocular 
D)  diaphragm 
E)  lens

Question 2

Which type of microscopy is particularly useful to study the surfaces of live bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic force 
B)  scanning electron 
C)  transmission electron 
D)  dark-field 
E)  bright-field 
A)  atomic force 
B)  scanning electron 
C)  transmission electron 
D)  dark-field 
E)  bright-field

Question 3

Which type of microscopy gives a "false 3-D image"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gram stain 
B)  nuclear magnetic resonance 
C)  scanning electron 
D)  negative stain 
E)  differential interference contrast 
A)  Gram stain 
B)  nuclear magnetic resonance 
C)  scanning electron 
D)  negative stain 
E)  differential interference contrast

Question 4

Most electron micrographs in microbiology textbooks are in color. Is this normal for an electron micrograph? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Electron micrographs are not naturally c

Question 5

Transmission electron microscopy commonly has a resolution of ________ the highest resolution possible for light microscopy.

Accepted Answer

A)  10X 
B)  100X 
C)  1,000X 
D)  10,000X 
E)  1,000,000X 
A)  10X 
B)  100X 
C)  1,000X 
D)  10,000X 
E)  1,000,000X

Question 6

Define a fluorophore and give three examples of how it can be used to label cells.

Accepted Answer

A fluorophore is a fluorescent molecule

Question 7

Are all bacilli Bacillus? Explain.

Accepted Answer

No. Bacillus refers to a particular genu

Question 8

Malachite green is commonly used to stain

Accepted Answer

A)  eukaryotic cells. 
B)  Gram-negative cells. 
C)  Gram-positive cells. 
D)  bacterial endospores. 
E)  acid-fast cells. 
A)  eukaryotic cells. 
B)  Gram-negative cells. 
C)  Gram-positive cells. 
D)  bacterial endospores. 
E)  acid-fast cells.

Question 9

What color are Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells when properly Gram stained? For each step of the Gram-stain procedure, predict the colors of a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell if that step were omitted during staining. Explain your reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Properly Gram stained Gram-positive cell

Question 10

Compare and contrast a simple stain (like methylene blue) with the Gram stain. What information about a microbial sample can be collected with each?

Accepted Answer

Both staining procedures colorize bacter

Question 11

Give a few reasons why living organisms may not be observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Accepted Answer

In TEM, the specimens are fixed and embe

Question 12

Wavelength interference results in small observed objects (like bacteria) being surrounded by

Accepted Answer

A)  a capsule. 
B)  a membrane. 
C)  concentric rings. 
D)  a dark field. 
E)  a cell wall. 
A)  a capsule. 
B)  a membrane. 
C)  concentric rings. 
D)  a dark field. 
E)  a cell wall.

Question 13

Which two components of the Gram stain form a complex that is retained by Gram-positive cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  crystal violet and iodine 
B)  safranin and iodine 
C)  crystal violet and safranin 
D)  alcohol and safranin 
E)  alcohol and iodine 
A)  crystal violet and iodine 
B)  safranin and iodine 
C)  crystal violet and safranin 
D)  alcohol and safranin 
E)  alcohol and iodine

Question 14

Which of the following is an advantage of using chemical imaging microscopy?

Accepted Answer

A)  observing an organism in its living environment 
B)  displaying plankton 
C)  measuring pH within a cell 
D)  showing distribution of chemicals in a cell 
E)  pinpointing a protein location 
A)  observing an organism in its living environment 
B)  displaying plankton 
C)  measuring pH within a cell 
D)  showing distribution of chemicals in a cell 
E)  pinpointing a protein location

Question 15

Using the figure below, explain how the visualization of molecules occurs through X-ray crystallography.

Accepted Answer

The X-ray beam focuses on a crystal and

Question 16

The knife used to cut embedded specimens for observation by transmission electron microscopy is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallographer. 
B)  microtome. 
C)  grid. 
D)  polymer. 
E)  scalpel. 
A)  crystallographer. 
B)  microtome. 
C)  grid. 
D)  polymer. 
E)  scalpel.

Question 17

The figure below displays absorption and emission spectra for a fluorophore. Describe the difference between absorption and emission and how this is reflected in the figure.

Accepted Answer

The highest peak at a higher energy leve

Question 18

The figure below shows the Gram-staining process. Describe what is happening at step number 3 relative to bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

Iodine is added and binds to G

Question 19

Compare and contrast the radiation sources, lenses, and image-capturing devices used in light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Accepted Answer

The radiation source for light microscop

Question 20

Chlamydia trachomatis transmits infection to a new cell via

Accepted Answer

A)  a membrane vesicle. 
B)  elementary bodies. 
C)  amoeba. 
D)  host membranes. 
E)  the human cell. 
A)  a membrane vesicle. 
B)  elementary bodies. 
C)  amoeba. 
D)  host membranes. 
E)  the human cell.

Exam 2: Observing the Microbial Cell

A(n) ________ acts to vary the diameter of the light column in a light microscope.

Which type of microscopy is particularly useful to study the surfaces of live bacteria?

Which type of microscopy gives a "false 3-D image"?

Most electron micrographs in microbiology textbooks are in color. Is this normal for an electron micrograph? Why or why not?

Transmission electron microscopy commonly has a resolution of ________ the highest resolution possible for light microscopy.

Define a fluorophore and give three examples of how it can be used to label cells.

Are all bacilli Bacillus? Explain.

Malachite green is commonly used to stain

What color are Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells when properly Gram stained? For each step of the Gram-stain procedure, predict the colors of a Gram-positive or Gram-negative cell if that step were omitted during staining. Explain your reasoning.

Compare and contrast a simple stain (like methylene blue) with the Gram stain. What information about a microbial sample can be collected with each?

Give a few reasons why living organisms may not be observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Wavelength interference results in small observed objects (like bacteria) being surrounded by

Which two components of the Gram stain form a complex that is retained by Gram-positive cells?

Which of the following is an advantage of using chemical imaging microscopy?

Using the figure below, explain how the visualization of molecules occurs through X-ray crystallography.

The knife used to cut embedded specimens for observation by transmission electron microscopy is called a

The figure below displays absorption and emission spectra for a fluorophore. Describe the difference between absorption and emission and how this is reflected in the figure.

The figure below shows the Gram-staining process. Describe what is happening at step number 3 relative to bacterial cell walls.

Compare and contrast the radiation sources, lenses, and image-capturing devices used in light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.

Chlamydia trachomatis transmits infection to a new cell via

Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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