Question 1

What is the significance of the work of Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister?

Accepted Answer

They showed that use of antiseptics on d

Question 2

What was the major complaint about Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment to disprove spontaneous generation, and how did Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flasks overcome this?

Accepted Answer

Spallanzani's flasks were plugged so as

Question 3

A microbe is commonly defined as a ________ that requires a microscope to be seen.

Accepted Answer

A)  virus 
B)  bacterium 
C)  single-cellular prokaryote 
D)  multicellular eukaryote 
E)  living organism 
A)  virus 
B)  bacterium 
C)  single-cellular prokaryote 
D)  multicellular eukaryote 
E)  living organism

Question 4

Carl Woese's discovery replaced the classification scheme of five kingdoms with a scheme of three

Accepted Answer

A)  phyla. 
B)  domains. 
C)  classes. 
D)  orders. 
E)  genera. 
A)  phyla. 
B)  domains. 
C)  classes. 
D)  orders. 
E)  genera.

Question 5

Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to environmental change. 
B)  Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes. 
C)  Microbes function as individual entities. 
D)  Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages. 
E)  Viruses are not considered microbial cells. 
A)  Microbial cells acquire food, gain energy to build themselves, and respond to environmental change. 
B)  Most single-celled organisms require a microscope to render them visible, but some bacterial cells are large enough to be seen with naked eyes. 
C)  Microbes function as individual entities. 
D)  Many microbes form complex multicellular assemblages. 
E)  Viruses are not considered microbial cells.

Question 6

The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of

Accepted Answer

A)  humans. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  prions. 
E)  fungi. 
A)  humans. 
B)  bacteria. 
C)  viruses. 
D)  prions. 
E)  fungi.

Question 7

What were Rosalind Franklin's contributions toward discovering the structure of DNA, and why wasn't she one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize for this discovery?

Accepted Answer

She was an X-ray crystallographer who st

Question 8

Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize for his contribution to medical bacteriology regarding

Accepted Answer

A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Bacillus subtilis. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
D)  rabies. 
E)  smallpox. 
A)  Escherichia coli. 
B)  Bacillus subtilis. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
D)  rabies. 
E)  smallpox.

Question 9

The first person to visualize individual microbial cells was

Accepted Answer

A)  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 
B)  Robert Hooke. 
C)  Louis Pasteur. 
D)  Lady Montagu. 
E)  Edward Jenner. 
A)  Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 
B)  Robert Hooke. 
C)  Louis Pasteur. 
D)  Lady Montagu. 
E)  Edward Jenner.

Question 10

Animal microbiomes are NOT significant in

Accepted Answer

A)  digesting plant fibers. 
B)  bioluminescence. 
C)  protection from pathogens. 
D)  converting ammonia to nitrate. 
E)  providing nutrients to the host. 
A)  digesting plant fibers. 
B)  bioluminescence. 
C)  protection from pathogens. 
D)  converting ammonia to nitrate. 
E)  providing nutrients to the host.

Question 11

Organisms that live symbiotically inside a larger organism are known as

Accepted Answer

A)  organelles. 
B)  cyanobacteria. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  endosymbionts. 
E)  chloroplasts. 
A)  organelles. 
B)  cyanobacteria. 
C)  mitochondria. 
D)  endosymbionts. 
E)  chloroplasts.

Question 12

Which of the following statements regarding viruses is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most are too small to be seen by a light microscope. 
B)  They are "filterable agents" that can pass through porcelain filters that have a pore size that blocks microbes. 
C)  Their genomes could be composed of DNA or RNA. 
D)  They are smaller than plasmids and prions. 
E)  Viral particles, when pure enough, can be crystallized. 
A)  Most are too small to be seen by a light microscope. 
B)  They are "filterable agents" that can pass through porcelain filters that have a pore size that blocks microbes. 
C)  Their genomes could be composed of DNA or RNA. 
D)  They are smaller than plasmids and prions. 
E)  Viral particles, when pure enough, can be crystallized.

Question 13

All of the following are true about penicillin EXCEPT that it

Accepted Answer

A)  was discovered by Alexander Fleming. 
B)  was an accidental discovery. 
C)  is produced by a bacterium. 
D)  was the first antibiotic used by humans. 
E)  was purified by Florey and Chain. 
A)  was discovered by Alexander Fleming. 
B)  was an accidental discovery. 
C)  is produced by a bacterium. 
D)  was the first antibiotic used by humans. 
E)  was purified by Florey and Chain.

Question 14

How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?

Accepted Answer

A prokaryote lacks a nucleus a

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an extremophilic condition for bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  high alkalinity 
B)  high salinity 
C)  high acidity 
D)  high nutrients 
E)  high temperature 
A)  high alkalinity 
B)  high salinity 
C)  high acidity 
D)  high nutrients 
E)  high temperature

Question 16

Is it true that only culturable bacteria contribute to ecology? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

No, this is not a true statement. It is

Question 17

Give two reasons why microbes have been difficult to classify.

Accepted Answer

First, even with the use of light micros

Question 18

Robert Koch's postulates have not been used to prove HIV as the causative agent of AIDS. Why not?

Accepted Answer

Answers may vary, but a major

Question 19

The discovery of microbes occurred in the ________ century?

Accepted Answer

A)  seventeenth 
B)  eighteenth 
C)  nineteenth 
D)  twentieth 
E)  twenty-first 
A)  seventeenth 
B)  eighteenth 
C)  nineteenth 
D)  twentieth 
E)  twenty-first

Question 20

This scientist first discovered the process of transformation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Francis Crick 
B)  Robert Koch 
C)  Edward Jenner 
D)  Louis Pasteur 
E)  Frederick Griffith 
A)  Francis Crick 
B)  Robert Koch 
C)  Edward Jenner 
D)  Louis Pasteur 
E)  Frederick Griffith

Exam 1: Microbial Life: Origin and Discovery

What is the significance of the work of Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister?

What was the major complaint about Lazzaro Spallanzani's experiment to disprove spontaneous generation, and how did Louis Pasteur's swan-neck flasks overcome this?

A microbe is commonly defined as a ________ that requires a microscope to be seen.

Carl Woese's discovery replaced the classification scheme of five kingdoms with a scheme of three

Which one of the following statements regarding microbial cells is FALSE?

The first cellular genomes to be sequenced were those of

What were Rosalind Franklin's contributions toward discovering the structure of DNA, and why wasn't she one of the recipients of the Nobel Prize for this discovery?

Robert Koch won the Nobel Prize for his contribution to medical bacteriology regarding

The first person to visualize individual microbial cells was

Animal microbiomes are NOT significant in

Organisms that live symbiotically inside a larger organism are known as

Which of the following statements regarding viruses is FALSE?

All of the following are true about penicillin EXCEPT that it

How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes different?

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an extremophilic condition for bacteria?

Is it true that only culturable bacteria contribute to ecology? Explain your answer.

Give two reasons why microbes have been difficult to classify.

Robert Koch's postulates have not been used to prove HIV as the causative agent of AIDS. Why not?

The discovery of microbes occurred in the ________ century?

This scientist first discovered the process of transformation.

Observing the Microbial Cell

Cell Structure and Function

Bacterial Culture, Growth, and Development

Environmental Influences and Control of Microbial Growth

Viruses

Genomes and Chromosomes

Transcription, Translation, and Bioinformatics

Gene Transfer, Mutations, and Genome Evolution

Molecular Regulation

Viral Molecular Biology

Biotechniques and Synthetic Biology

Energetics and Catabolism

Electron Flow in Organotrophy, Lithotrophy, and Phototrophy

Biosynthesis

Food and Industrial Microbiology

Origins and Evolution

Bacterial Diversity

Archaeal Diversity

Eukaryotic Diversity

Microbial Ecology

Microbes in Global Elemental Cycles

Human Microbiota and Innate Immunity

The Adaptive Immune Response

Microbial Pathogenesis

Microbial Diseases

Antimicrobial Therapy

Clinical Microbiology and Epidemiology

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