Question 1

Which statement characterizes fatty liver?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​It is a clinical finding common to many conditions. 
B)  ​It usually results in liver failure. 
C)  ​It cannot be reversed. 
D)  ​It is diagnosed by decreased levels of liver enzymes. 
E)  ​It is another term for cirrhosis. 
A)  ​It is a clinical finding common to many conditions. 
B)  ​It usually results in liver failure. 
C)  ​It cannot be reversed. 
D)  ​It is diagnosed by decreased levels of liver enzymes. 
E)  ​It is another term for cirrhosis.

Question 2

Patients with cirrhosis require _____ in order to prevent wasting.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​adequate fluid 
B)  ​adequate kcalories 
C)  ​high-fat diets 
D)  ​six large meals per day 
E)  ​immunosuppressants 
A)  ​adequate fluid 
B)  ​adequate kcalories 
C)  ​high-fat diets 
D)  ​six large meals per day 
E)  ​immunosuppressants

Question 3

The dietitian assesses Mr. Jamison's protein needs, and based on his weight, estimates that he requires approximately _____ grams of protein per day for proper nitrogen balance.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​25-30 
B)  ​50-60 
C)  ​65-100 
D)  ​100-150 
E)  ​125-175 
A)  ​25-30 
B)  ​50-60 
C)  ​65-100 
D)  ​100-150 
E)  ​125-175

Question 4

Matching
-cyclosporine

Accepted Answer

A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available 
A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available

Question 5

Eating well and taking supplements of protein, vitamins, and minerals protect the body from the harmful effects of alcohol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Blood flow is impeded in a cirrhotic liver, causing _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​portal hypertension 
B)  ​elevated cholesterol levels 
C)  ​jaundice 
D)  ​fatty liver 
E)  ​biliary cirrhosis 
A)  ​portal hypertension 
B)  ​elevated cholesterol levels 
C)  ​jaundice 
D)  ​fatty liver 
E)  ​biliary cirrhosis

Question 7

What is ascites?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​yellowing of the sclera of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes 
B)  ​fluid accumulation in the abdomen 
C)  ​inflammation of the liver 
D)  ​elevated blood ammonia levels 
E)  ​caused by elevated blood bilirubin 
A)  ​yellowing of the sclera of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes 
B)  ​fluid accumulation in the abdomen 
C)  ​inflammation of the liver 
D)  ​elevated blood ammonia levels 
E)  ​caused by elevated blood bilirubin

Question 8

Of the following laboratory tests performed on Mr. Jamison, which one would you expect to see elevated?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​albumin 
B)  ​transferrin 
C)  ​ammonia 
D)  ​HDL 
E)  ​erythropoetin 
A)  ​albumin 
B)  ​transferrin 
C)  ​ammonia 
D)  ​HDL 
E)  ​erythropoetin

Question 9

In cases unrelated to alcohol, the primary cause of fatty liver is _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​high cholesterol 
B)  ​celiac disease 
C)  ​malnutrition 
D)  ​obesity 
E)  ​insulin resistance 
A)  ​high cholesterol 
B)  ​celiac disease 
C)  ​malnutrition 
D)  ​obesity 
E)  ​insulin resistance

Question 10

Matching
-hepatitis B

Accepted Answer

A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available 
A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available

Question 11

Matching
-hepatomegaly

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood 
A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood

Question 12

Mrs. Juarez is diagnosed with cirrhosis and has developed ascites. Her appetite is poor and she is losing weight. What would you encourage her to do to minimize the risk for malnutrition?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Eat four to six times per day. 
B)  ​Try to eat three large meals per day. 
C)  ​Consume a liquid nutritional supplement with each meal. 
D)  ​Drink more fruit juice. 
E)  ​Avoid alcoholic beverages. 
A)  ​Eat four to six times per day. 
B)  ​Try to eat three large meals per day. 
C)  ​Consume a liquid nutritional supplement with each meal. 
D)  ​Drink more fruit juice. 
E)  ​Avoid alcoholic beverages.

Question 13

Matching
-hepatitis C

Accepted Answer

A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available 
A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available

Question 14

Which condition is caused by bilirubin accumulation in the bloodstream?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​jaundice 
B)  ​ascites 
C)  ​hepatic coma 
D)  mental disturbances​ 
E)  ​cirrhosis 
A)  ​jaundice 
B)  ​ascites 
C)  ​hepatic coma 
D)  mental disturbances​ 
E)  ​cirrhosis

Question 15

Which factor does not increase the risk of developing gallstones?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​long-term parenteral nutrition. 
B)  ​youth 
C)  ​clofibrate use for treatment of heart disease 
D)  ​rapid weight loss 
E)  ​obesity 
A)  ​long-term parenteral nutrition. 
B)  ​youth 
C)  ​clofibrate use for treatment of heart disease 
D)  ​rapid weight loss 
E)  ​obesity

Question 16

Which condition is not a consequence of cirrhosis?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​esophageal varices 
B)  ​portal hypertension 
C)  ​ascites 
D)  ​disorientation 
E)  ​pruritis 
A)  ​esophageal varices 
B)  ​portal hypertension 
C)  ​ascites 
D)  ​disorientation 
E)  ​pruritis

Question 17

The most common cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S. is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 
B)  ​alcoholism 
C)  ​hepatitis C infection 
D)  ​protein deficiency 
E)  ​HIV 
A)  ​vitamin B₁₂ deficiency 
B)  ​alcoholism 
C)  ​hepatitis C infection 
D)  ​protein deficiency 
E)  ​HIV

Question 18

Matching
-steatohepatitis

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood 
A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood

Question 19

Describe ways to help a patient with cirrhosis consume enough nutrients.​

Accepted Answer

Many patients with cirrhosis have diffic

Question 20

The most appropriate dietary intervention for a malnourished person with cirrhosis is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a low-protein diet 
B)  ​adequate energy and protein 
C)  ​tube feeding 
D)  ​fluid and electrolyte replacement 
E)  ​a high-fiber, high-fat diet 
A)  ​a low-protein diet 
B)  ​adequate energy and protein 
C)  ​tube feeding 
D)  ​fluid and electrolyte replacement 
E)  ​a high-fiber, high-fat diet

Exam 20: Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Which statement characterizes fatty liver?

Patients with cirrhosis require _____ in order to prevent wasting.​

The dietitian assesses Mr. Jamison's protein needs, and based on his weight, estimates that he requires approximately _____ grams of protein per day for proper nitrogen balance.​

Matching -cyclosporine

Eating well and taking supplements of protein, vitamins, and minerals protect the body from the harmful effects of alcohol.

Blood flow is impeded in a cirrhotic liver, causing _____.​

What is ascites?​

Of the following laboratory tests performed on Mr. Jamison, which one would you expect to see elevated?​

In cases unrelated to alcohol, the primary cause of fatty liver is _____.

Matching -hepatitis B

Matching -hepatomegaly

Mrs. Juarez is diagnosed with cirrhosis and has developed ascites. Her appetite is poor and she is losing weight. What would you encourage her to do to minimize the risk for malnutrition?​

Matching -hepatitis C

Which condition is caused by bilirubin accumulation in the bloodstream?​

Which factor does not increase the risk of developing gallstones?​

Which condition is not a consequence of cirrhosis?​

The most common cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S. is _____.​

Matching -steatohepatitis

Describe ways to help a patient with cirrhosis consume enough nutrients.​

The most appropriate dietary intervention for a malnourished person with cirrhosis is _____.​

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

Patients with cirrhosis require _____ in order to prevent wasting.

The dietitian assesses Mr. Jamison's protein needs, and based on his weight, estimates that he requires approximately _____ grams of protein per day for proper nitrogen balance.

Blood flow is impeded in a cirrhotic liver, causing _____.

What is ascites?

Of the following laboratory tests performed on Mr. Jamison, which one would you expect to see elevated?

Mrs. Juarez is diagnosed with cirrhosis and has developed ascites. Her appetite is poor and she is losing weight. What would you encourage her to do to minimize the risk for malnutrition?

Which condition is caused by bilirubin accumulation in the bloodstream?

Which factor does not increase the risk of developing gallstones?

Which condition is not a consequence of cirrhosis?

The most common cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S. is _____.

Describe ways to help a patient with cirrhosis consume enough nutrients.

The most appropriate dietary intervention for a malnourished person with cirrhosis is _____.