Question 1

Strict dietary sodium restriction is part of the treatment for ascites.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Persons using potassium-sparing diuretics should be cautioned about consuming _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​salt substitutes 
B)  ​herbs and spices 
C)  ​soft drinks 
D)  ​dairy foods 
E)  ​licorice 
A)  ​salt substitutes 
B)  ​herbs and spices 
C)  ​soft drinks 
D)  ​dairy foods 
E)  ​licorice

Question 3

Mr. Jamison begins experiencing hyperglycemia as his disease progresses. The appropriate diet for him is _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​low protein 
B)  ​carbohydrate controlled 
C)  ​low sodium 
D)  ​fat controlled 
E)  ​high fiber, high carbohydrate 
A)  ​low protein 
B)  ​carbohydrate controlled 
C)  ​low sodium 
D)  ​fat controlled 
E)  ​high fiber, high carbohydrate

Question 4

Matching
-VLDL

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood 
A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood

Question 5

A patient with cirrhosis who develops changes in personality and motor function may be exhibiting early symptoms of _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fatigue 
B)  ​hepatic regression 
C)  ​hepatitis 
D)  ​hepatic encephalopathy 
E)  ​senile dementia 
A)  ​fatigue 
B)  ​hepatic regression 
C)  ​hepatitis 
D)  ​hepatic encephalopathy 
E)  ​senile dementia

Question 6

Describe the possible causes of hepatic encephalopathy.​

Accepted Answer

The exact causes of hepatic encephalopat

Question 7

Matching
-hepatic portal vein

Accepted Answer

A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available 
A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available

Question 8

Matching
-albumin

Accepted Answer

A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available 
A) itchy skin associated with bile obstruction 
B) primary plasma protein synthesized by the liver 
C) neurological condition associated with advanced liver disease 
D) virus transmitted sexually or via contaminated blood; a vaccine is available 
E) immunosuppressant drug given after a liver transplant
F)composed of mucus, cholesterol crystals and bilirubin granules
G)procedure that removes fluid associated with ascites
H)increased levels associated with liver disease impair neurotransmitter production
I)carries blood to the liver from the digestive tract
J)virus spread via infected blood and needles; no vaccine is available

Question 9

Which laboratory test is prolonged in a patient with liver disease?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​bilirubin clearance 
B)  ​albumin production 
C)  ​ammonia secretion 
D)  ​AST synthesis 
E)  ​prothrombin time 
A)  ​bilirubin clearance 
B)  ​albumin production 
C)  ​ammonia secretion 
D)  ​AST synthesis 
E)  ​prothrombin time

Question 10

Cirrhosis is treated by all of these drugs except _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​antibiotics 
B)  ​appetite stimulants 
C)  ​immunosuppressants 
D)  ​diuretics 
E)  ​antihypertensives 
A)  ​antibiotics 
B)  ​appetite stimulants 
C)  ​immunosuppressants 
D)  ​diuretics 
E)  ​antihypertensives

Question 11

Matching
-fatty liver

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood 
A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood

Question 12

Performing a nutrition assessment on a patient who is a candidate for liver transplant is complicated by all of these factors except _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​liver dysfunction and malnutrition have similar metabolic effects 
B)  ​fluid retention can mask weight loss 
C)  ​fluid retention can alter lab values 
D)  ​fluid retention can alter anthropometric values 
E)  ​supplements may mask underlying nutrient deficiencies 
A)  ​liver dysfunction and malnutrition have similar metabolic effects 
B)  ​fluid retention can mask weight loss 
C)  ​fluid retention can alter lab values 
D)  ​fluid retention can alter anthropometric values 
E)  ​supplements may mask underlying nutrient deficiencies

Question 13

Which laboratory finding is not associated with fatty liver?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​elevated HDL 
B)  ​elevated ALT and AST 
C)  ​elevated glucose 
D)  ​elevated triglycerides 
E)  ​elevated cholesterol 
A)  ​elevated HDL 
B)  ​elevated ALT and AST 
C)  ​elevated glucose 
D)  ​elevated triglycerides 
E)  ​elevated cholesterol

Question 14

People with protein-energy malnutrition may experience fatty liver.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

To improve Mr. Jamison's appetite, his physician may prescribe _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​megestrol acetate 
B)  ​spironolactone 
C)  ​rifaximin 
D)  ​propranolol 
E)  ​furosemide 
A)  ​megestrol acetate 
B)  ​spironolactone 
C)  ​rifaximin 
D)  ​propranolol 
E)  ​furosemide

Question 16

Matching
-portal hypertension​

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood 
A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood

Question 17

Matching
-jaundice

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood 
A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood

Question 18

Matching
-collaterals

Accepted Answer

A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood 
A) an accumulation of fat in the liver 
B) enlargement of the liver 
C) an advanced stage of liver disease in which extensive scarring replaces healthy liver tissue, causing impaired liver function and liver failure 
D) elevated blood pressure in the portal vein due to obstructed blood flow through the liver 
E) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternative pathway for diverted blood
F)abnormally dilated blood vessels
G)yellow discoloration of the skin and eyes due to an accumulation of bilirubin
H)liver inflammation that is associated with fatty liver
I)an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
J)excess triglycerides packaged and exported to the blood

Question 19

Which individual is at highest risk of developing gallstones?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​a female athlete with anemia 
B)  ​a menopausal woman who uses estrogen replacement therapy 
C)  ​a 30 year old African-American male 
D)  ​a male patient on long-term tube feeding 
E)  ​a 25-year old non-pregnant female 
A)  ​a female athlete with anemia 
B)  ​a menopausal woman who uses estrogen replacement therapy 
C)  ​a 30 year old African-American male 
D)  ​a male patient on long-term tube feeding 
E)  ​a 25-year old non-pregnant female

Question 20

Nutrients are carried from the digestive tract to the liver via small blood vessels called collaterals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Strict dietary sodium restriction is part of the treatment for ascites.​

Persons using potassium-sparing diuretics should be cautioned about consuming _____.

Mr. Jamison begins experiencing hyperglycemia as his disease progresses. The appropriate diet for him is _____.​

Matching -VLDL

A patient with cirrhosis who develops changes in personality and motor function may be exhibiting early symptoms of _____.​

Describe the possible causes of hepatic encephalopathy.​

Matching -hepatic portal vein

Matching -albumin

Which laboratory test is prolonged in a patient with liver disease?​

Cirrhosis is treated by all of these drugs except _____.​

Matching -fatty liver

Performing a nutrition assessment on a patient who is a candidate for liver transplant is complicated by all of these factors except _____.​

Which laboratory finding is not associated with fatty liver?​

People with protein-energy malnutrition may experience fatty liver.

To improve Mr. Jamison's appetite, his physician may prescribe _____.​

Matching -portal hypertension​

Matching -jaundice

Matching -collaterals

Which individual is at highest risk of developing gallstones?​

Nutrients are carried from the digestive tract to the liver via small blood vessels called collaterals.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

Strict dietary sodium restriction is part of the treatment for ascites.

Mr. Jamison begins experiencing hyperglycemia as his disease progresses. The appropriate diet for him is _____.

A patient with cirrhosis who develops changes in personality and motor function may be exhibiting early symptoms of _____.

Describe the possible causes of hepatic encephalopathy.

Which laboratory test is prolonged in a patient with liver disease?

Cirrhosis is treated by all of these drugs except _____.

Performing a nutrition assessment on a patient who is a candidate for liver transplant is complicated by all of these factors except _____.

Which laboratory finding is not associated with fatty liver?

To improve Mr. Jamison's appetite, his physician may prescribe _____.

Matching -portal hypertension

Which individual is at highest risk of developing gallstones?