Question 1

Matching
-pituitary gland

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input 
C) a craving for nonfood substances 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations
H)fluid residing outside the cells; includes the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones
I)high blood pressure
J)a precursor to hemoglobin 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input 
C) a craving for nonfood substances 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations
H)fluid residing outside the cells; includes the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones
I)high blood pressure
J)a precursor to hemoglobin

Question 2

Which substance enhances calcium absorption from the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​vitamin D 
B)  ​vitamin C 
C)  ​protein 
D)  ​linoleic acid 
E)  ​vitamin A 
A)  ​vitamin D 
B)  ​vitamin C 
C)  ​protein 
D)  ​linoleic acid 
E)  ​vitamin A

Question 3

Supplement users are more likely to have excessive intake of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the B vitamins 
B)  ​iron, zinc, vitamin A, and folate 
C)  ​vitamins A, D, E, and K 
D)  ​calcium, iron, vitamin C, and thiamin 
E)  ​selenium, chromium, and magnesium 
A)  ​the B vitamins 
B)  ​iron, zinc, vitamin A, and folate 
C)  ​vitamins A, D, E, and K 
D)  ​calcium, iron, vitamin C, and thiamin 
E)  ​selenium, chromium, and magnesium

Question 4

The hallucinations commonly experienced during withdrawal from alcohol intoxication are believed to be due to a deficiency of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​magnesium 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​iron 
D)  ​calcium 
E)  ​selenium 
A)  ​magnesium 
B)  ​phosphorus 
C)  ​iron 
D)  ​calcium 
E)  ​selenium

Question 5

Identify four groups of individuals in the U.S. who are at risk for developing zinc deficiency and briefly describe the rationale for including each group.

Accepted Answer

Pronounced zinc deficiency is not widesp

Question 6

Which mechanism raises blood calcium levels when they fall too low?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​increased calcium absorption in the small intestine 
B)  ​mobilization of calcium stores in the spleen 
C)  ​insulin secretion by the pancreas 
D)  ​secretion of calcitonin 
E)  ​increased calcium absorption in the stomach 
A)  ​increased calcium absorption in the small intestine 
B)  ​mobilization of calcium stores in the spleen 
C)  ​insulin secretion by the pancreas 
D)  ​secretion of calcitonin 
E)  ​increased calcium absorption in the stomach

Question 7

In which circumstance should nutrient supplements in amounts consistent with the RDA be taken?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​when energy intake is high 
B)  ​when more than one gallon of water is consumed per day 
C)  ​when an illness improves your appetite 
D)  ​when a vegan diet is followed 
E)  ​when food is obtained primarily at grocery-stores 
A)  ​when energy intake is high 
B)  ​when more than one gallon of water is consumed per day 
C)  ​when an illness improves your appetite 
D)  ​when a vegan diet is followed 
E)  ​when food is obtained primarily at grocery-stores

Question 8

Osteoporosis is more prevalent in women because _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​women consume more calcium 
B)  ​women's bodies don't utilize calcium as readily 
C)  ​women have larger bodies 
D)  ​women have lower bone mass 
E)  ​bone loss begins later in women versus men 
A)  ​women consume more calcium 
B)  ​women's bodies don't utilize calcium as readily 
C)  ​women have larger bodies 
D)  ​women have lower bone mass 
E)  ​bone loss begins later in women versus men

Question 9

How can blood calcium levels be increased?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​decreased absorption of calcium in the intestines 
B)  ​increased release of calcium from the spleen 
C)  ​release of calcium from the kidneys 
D)  ​release of calcium from the bones 
E)  ​manufacture of calcium from albumin 
A)  ​decreased absorption of calcium in the intestines 
B)  ​increased release of calcium from the spleen 
C)  ​release of calcium from the kidneys 
D)  ​release of calcium from the bones 
E)  ​manufacture of calcium from albumin

Question 10

Matching
-erythrocyte protoporphyrin

Accepted Answer

A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input 
C) a craving for nonfood substances 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations
H)fluid residing outside the cells; includes the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones
I)high blood pressure
J)a precursor to hemoglobin 
A) the balance between water intake and water excretion that keeps the body's water content constant 
B) the loss of water from the body that occurs when water output exceeds water input 
C) a craving for nonfood substances 
D) a part of the brain that helps regulate many body balances, including fluid balance 
E) in the brain, the "king gland" that regulates the operation of many other glands
F)a hormone released by the pituitary gland in response to high salt concentrations in the blood; the kidneys respond by reabsorbing water
G)a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys; also regulates chloride and potassium concentrations
H)fluid residing outside the cells; includes the fluid between the cells (interstitial fluid), plasma, and the water of structures such as the skin and bones
I)high blood pressure
J)a precursor to hemoglobin

Question 11

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​cancer 
B)  ​diabetes 
C)  ​dental decay 
D)  ​heart disease 
E)  ​goiter 
A)  ​cancer 
B)  ​diabetes 
C)  ​dental decay 
D)  ​heart disease 
E)  ​goiter

Question 12

Water is involved in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​causing kidney stones 
B)  ​acting as a lubricant around joints 
C)  ​serving as a precipitate of minerals and vitamins 
D)  ​causing gallstones 
E)  ​converting lipids to amino acids 
A)  ​causing kidney stones 
B)  ​acting as a lubricant around joints 
C)  ​serving as a precipitate of minerals and vitamins 
D)  ​causing gallstones 
E)  ​converting lipids to amino acids

Question 13

The best food sources of magnesium include _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​legumes, whole grains, and chocolate 
B)  ​milk, rice, and apples 
C)  ​oranges, beef, and cheese 
D)  ​oils, bananas, and pork 
E)  ​fruits, fish, and rice 
A)  ​legumes, whole grains, and chocolate 
B)  ​milk, rice, and apples 
C)  ​oranges, beef, and cheese 
D)  ​oils, bananas, and pork 
E)  ​fruits, fish, and rice

Question 14

Which food is a good source of bioavailable calcium?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​coffee 
B)  ​bananas 
C)  ​Swiss chard 
D)  ​cheddar cheese 
E)  ​spinach 
A)  ​coffee 
B)  ​bananas 
C)  ​Swiss chard 
D)  ​cheddar cheese 
E)  ​spinach

Question 15

Most of the body's calcium is stored in the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​bones 
B)  ​liver 
C)  ​kidneys 
D)  ​blood 
E)  ​brain 
A)  ​bones 
B)  ​liver 
C)  ​kidneys 
D)  ​blood 
E)  ​brain

Question 16

Which group of people would have the lowest sodium intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​those who avoid adding salt to their food 
B)  ​those who exercise strenuously on a regular basis 
C)  ​those who eat mostly processed foods 
D)  ​those who eat mostly whole, unprocessed foods 
E)  ​those who eat mostly soup and cheese 
A)  ​those who avoid adding salt to their food 
B)  ​those who exercise strenuously on a regular basis 
C)  ​those who eat mostly processed foods 
D)  ​those who eat mostly whole, unprocessed foods 
E)  ​those who eat mostly soup and cheese

Question 17

Discuss the two minerals most likely to fall short in the diet, what can be done to remedy deficiencies, and why those remedies are important.

Accepted Answer

The two minerals most likely to fall sho

Question 18

Amino acids containing the mineral _____ help to form the shape of proteins.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​sulfur 
B)  ​sodium 
C)  ​phosphorous 
D)  ​selenium 
E)  ​magnesium 
A)  ​sulfur 
B)  ​sodium 
C)  ​phosphorous 
D)  ​selenium 
E)  ​magnesium

Question 19

Body sodium levels are largely regulated through _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​changes in intestinal absorption, depending on need 
B)  ​changes in fecal excretion 
C)  ​storage of excess sodium in the liver 
D)  ​excretion of excess sodium by the kidneys 
E)  ​excretion of excess sodium by sweating 
A)  ​changes in intestinal absorption, depending on need 
B)  ​changes in fecal excretion 
C)  ​storage of excess sodium in the liver 
D)  ​excretion of excess sodium by the kidneys 
E)  ​excretion of excess sodium by sweating

Question 20

The typical American diet, which is _____, provides _____ the recommended intake of potassium.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​high in meat; more than 
B)  ​high in fruits and vegetables; more than 
C)  ​low in fruits and vegetables; less than 
D)  ​high in milk products; more than 
E)  ​low in meat; less than 
A)  ​high in meat; more than 
B)  ​high in fruits and vegetables; more than 
C)  ​low in fruits and vegetables; less than 
D)  ​high in milk products; more than 
E)  ​low in meat; less than

Exam 9: Water and the Minerals

Matching -pituitary gland

Which substance enhances calcium absorption from the GI tract?

Supplement users are more likely to have excessive intake of _____.

The hallucinations commonly experienced during withdrawal from alcohol intoxication are believed to be due to a deficiency of _____.

Identify four groups of individuals in the U.S. who are at risk for developing zinc deficiency and briefly describe the rationale for including each group.

Which mechanism raises blood calcium levels when they fall too low?

In which circumstance should nutrient supplements in amounts consistent with the RDA be taken?

Osteoporosis is more prevalent in women because _____.

How can blood calcium levels be increased?

Matching -erythrocyte protoporphyrin

Fluoride seems to be helpful in preventing _____.

Water is involved in _____.

The best food sources of magnesium include _____.

Which food is a good source of bioavailable calcium?

Most of the body's calcium is stored in the _____.

Which group of people would have the lowest sodium intake?

Discuss the two minerals most likely to fall short in the diet, what can be done to remedy deficiencies, and why those remedies are important.

Amino acids containing the mineral _____ help to form the shape of proteins.

Body sodium levels are largely regulated through _____.

The typical American diet, which is _____, provides _____ the recommended intake of potassium.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

The typical American diet, which is _, provides _ the recommended intake of potassium.