Question 1

Which patient would most likely be a candidate for enteral tube feedings?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​A patient with severe dysphagia 
B)  ​A person suffering from intractable diarrhea 
C)  ​A patient with gastrointestinal bleeding 
D)  ​A person suffering from a paralytic ileus 
E)  ​A patient who has undergone a bone marrow transplant 
A)  ​A patient with severe dysphagia 
B)  ​A person suffering from intractable diarrhea 
C)  ​A patient with gastrointestinal bleeding 
D)  ​A person suffering from a paralytic ileus 
E)  ​A patient who has undergone a bone marrow transplant

Question 2

When administering an enteral feeding to a patient, the nurse understands that a hydrolyzed enteral formula contains _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​only one nutrient source 
B)  lactose​ 
C)  ​partially or fully broken down nutrients 
D)  ​intact proteins 
E)  ​a combination of dextrose and sucrose 
A)  ​only one nutrient source 
B)  lactose​ 
C)  ​partially or fully broken down nutrients 
D)  ​intact proteins 
E)  ​a combination of dextrose and sucrose

Question 3

A "12 French" feeding tube has a diameter of _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​2 mm 
B)  ​4 mm 
C)  ​6 mm 
D)  ​8 mm 
E)  ​12 mm 
A)  ​2 mm 
B)  ​4 mm 
C)  ​6 mm 
D)  ​8 mm 
E)  ​12 mm

Question 4

Mr. Stanley Edward, a 58-year-old African American male, was admitted to the emergency room of the medical center and resuscitated after being found unconscious in his car in a parking lot. His history was obtained by contacting his daughter. The patient presents with:
end-stage adenocarcinoma of the gastroesophageal juncture.
chronic malnutrition and significant weight loss × 1 year. Low BMI, loss of muscle, loss of subcutaneous fat, bitemporal wasting.
acute pancreatitis with intractable vomiting.
Medical Hx: Hypertension; S/P stroke @ age 56; cataract surgery. Meds: antilipemic medication, antihypertensive medication.
Hx: Lifelong chain smoker (2 packs per day); alcohol abuse since his late 20s.
Ht: 5'8". Admission Wt: 107 lbs. Usual Wt, 1 year ago: 170 lbs.
Social Hx: Lives alone; cooks and shops for himself despite illness.
Dietary Hx: Previously followed a low-cholesterol, low-sodium, high-potassium diet.
Mr. Edward is not being actively treated for cancer at his request. Plan is to keep Mr. Edward NPO and place a peripheral line for hydration and nutrition support.
-The nutrition support team determines how much carbohydrate, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, and fluid they will administer to Mr. Edward. What component of Mr. Edward's peripheral nutrition infusion will provide the greatest number of kcalories in the smallest volume of fluid?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​250 mL of a 30% lipid emulsion 
B)  ​250 mL of a 10% dextrose solution 
C)  ​250 mL of a 10% amino acid solution 
D)  ​250 mL of a 10% lipid emulsion 
E)  ​250 mL of a 20% lipid emulsion 
A)  ​250 mL of a 30% lipid emulsion 
B)  ​250 mL of a 10% dextrose solution 
C)  ​250 mL of a 10% amino acid solution 
D)  ​250 mL of a 10% lipid emulsion 
E)  ​250 mL of a 20% lipid emulsion

Question 5

A patient who is suffering from weakness and lethargy is using an oral supplement to take in extra nutrients. A disadvantage of using oral nutrition supplements is that _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​they are only available in the hospital 
B)  ​patients must consume large volumes to gain any benefits 
C)  ​they are too high in sugar and fat 
D)  ​patients get tired of the taste 
E)  ​they must be delivered through a feeding tube 
A)  ​they are only available in the hospital 
B)  ​patients must consume large volumes to gain any benefits 
C)  ​they are too high in sugar and fat 
D)  ​patients get tired of the taste 
E)  ​they must be delivered through a feeding tube

Question 6

Rapid changes in infusion rates of a parenteral solution can cause _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fluctuations in blood glucose levels 
B)  ​diarrhea 
C)  ​obstructions 
D)  ​infection 
E)  ​a clogged IV tube 
A)  ​fluctuations in blood glucose levels 
B)  ​diarrhea 
C)  ​obstructions 
D)  ​infection 
E)  ​a clogged IV tube

Question 7

What describes an advantage of using a nasogastric tube to provide enteral tube feedings?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​It is not easily removed if a patient is disoriented.​ 
B)  ​It has a low risk of aspiration. 
C)  ​It may allow enteral feedings even if an obstruction is present. 
D)  ​It is more comfortable when being inserted. 
E)  ​It is easy to insert and maintain. 
A)  ​It is not easily removed if a patient is disoriented.​ 
B)  ​It has a low risk of aspiration. 
C)  ​It may allow enteral feedings even if an obstruction is present. 
D)  ​It is more comfortable when being inserted. 
E)  ​It is easy to insert and maintain.

Question 8

Phlebitis may develop as a result of _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​tube feeding intolerance 
B)  ​refeeding syndrome 
C)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition 
D)  ​the use of hypertonic formulas 
E)  ​elevated blood glucose levels 
A)  ​tube feeding intolerance 
B)  ​refeeding syndrome 
C)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition 
D)  ​the use of hypertonic formulas 
E)  ​elevated blood glucose levels

Question 9

The energy density of most enteral formulas is between _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​0.5 and 0.9 kcalories per mL 
B)  ​1.0 and 2.0 kcalorie per mL 
C)  ​1.5 and 3.0 kcalories per mL 
D)  ​2.0 and 4.0 kcalories per mL 
E)  ​3.0 and 4.5 kcalories per mL 
A)  ​0.5 and 0.9 kcalories per mL 
B)  ​1.0 and 2.0 kcalorie per mL 
C)  ​1.5 and 3.0 kcalories per mL 
D)  ​2.0 and 4.0 kcalories per mL 
E)  ​3.0 and 4.5 kcalories per mL

Question 10

The outer diameter of a feeding tube is measured in _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​millimeters 
B)  ​French units 
C)  ​milliliters 
D)  ​English units 
E)  ​centimeters 
A)  ​millimeters 
B)  ​French units 
C)  ​milliliters 
D)  ​English units 
E)  ​centimeters

Question 11

Matching​
-​modular formulas

Accepted Answer

A) ​drawing in by suction or inhalation 
B) ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying 
C) ​not easily managed or controlled 
D) ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed 
E) ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
F)​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
G)​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
H)​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
I)​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
J)​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
K)​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
L)​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
M)​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
N)​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
O)​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
P)​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
Q)​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
R)​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
S)​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
T)​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids 
A) ​drawing in by suction or inhalation 
B) ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying 
C) ​not easily managed or controlled 
D) ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed 
E) ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
F)​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
G)​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
H)​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
I)​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
J)​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
K)​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
L)​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
M)​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
N)​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
O)​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
P)​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
Q)​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
R)​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
S)​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
T)​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids

Question 12

The nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit understands that the preferred feeding tube placement for an infant is orogastric because _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​it allows the infant to learn the suck-swallow reflex 
B)  ​it provides the infant with a more direct route for feeding 
C)  ​it allows the infant to breathe more normally during feeding 
D)  ​it decreases the chance of overfeeding the infant 
E)  ​it prevents the infant from losing weight 
A)  ​it allows the infant to learn the suck-swallow reflex 
B)  ​it provides the infant with a more direct route for feeding 
C)  ​it allows the infant to breathe more normally during feeding 
D)  ​it decreases the chance of overfeeding the infant 
E)  ​it prevents the infant from losing weight

Question 13

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
-Which form of nutrition support is appropriate for Mr. Avery at this time? ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​continuous parenteral nutrition 
B)  ​tube feedings 
C)  ​oral enteral supplements 
D)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition 
E)  ​cyclic parenteral nutrition 
A)  ​continuous parenteral nutrition 
B)  ​tube feedings 
C)  ​oral enteral supplements 
D)  ​peripheral parenteral nutrition 
E)  ​cyclic parenteral nutrition

Question 14

Name and discuss five metabolic complications that may result from parenteral feedings.​

Accepted Answer

Patients who receive parenteral feedings

Question 15

Mr. Avery is a 77-year-old retired engineer. He is 5'10" tall and weighs 171 pounds. He suffered a stroke, which left him with left-sided paralysis, and he is having difficulty swallowing so he is unable to meet his nutritional needs via oral intake at this time.
-In the absence of any pre-existing medical problems or problems with digestion and absorption, the type of enteral formula that would be most appropriate for Mr. Avery is a(n) _____. ​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​standard formula 
B)  ​elemental formula 
C)  ​specialized formula 
D)  ​3-in-1 solution 
E)  ​low-fiber formula 
A)  ​standard formula 
B)  ​elemental formula 
C)  ​specialized formula 
D)  ​3-in-1 solution 
E)  ​low-fiber formula

Question 16

Matching​
-inborn error of metabolism

Accepted Answer

A) ​drawing in by suction or inhalation 
B) ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying 
C) ​not easily managed or controlled 
D) ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed 
E) ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
F)​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
G)​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
H)​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
I)​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
J)​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
K)​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
L)​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
M)​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
N)​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
O)​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
P)​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
Q)​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
R)​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
S)​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
T)​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids 
A) ​drawing in by suction or inhalation 
B) ​the removal of stomach contents in patients with motility problems or obstructions that prevent stomach emptying 
C) ​not easily managed or controlled 
D) ​a condition that sometimes develops when a severely malnourished person is aggressively fed 
E) ​enteral formulas prepared in the hospital from modules that contain single macronutrients
F)​a formula with an osmolality greater than that of blood serum
G)​an inherited trait (one that is present at birth) that causes the absence, deficiency, or malfunction of a protein that has a critical metabolic role
H)​enteral formulas that contain mostly intact proteins and polysaccharide
I)​the provision of nutrients using the GI tract; usually refers to the use of tube feedings
J)​enteral formulas that contain proteins and carbohydrates that are partially or fully hydrolyzed
K)​the administration of a second solution using a separate port in an intravenous catheter
L)​the delivery of nutrients using a feeding tube or intravenous infusions
M)​continuous feedings conducted for 8 to 16 hours daily
N)​an inherited disorder that affects the transport of chloride across epithelial cell membranes
O)​enteral formulas that are prepared by using a food blender to mix and puree whole foods
P)​continuous administration of parenteral solutions over a 24-hour period
Q)​products of metabolism; compounds produced by a biochemical pathway
R)​support for families at risk of genetic disorders
S)​a heritable change in the DNA sequence of a gene
T)​a parenteral solution that contains dextrose and amino acids, but excludes lipids

Question 17

Before discontinuing a tube feeding, the patient's oral intake should meet about _____ of estimated nutrient needs.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​1/4 
B)  ​1/3 
C)  ​1/2 
D)  ​2/3 
E)  ​3/4 
A)  ​1/4 
B)  ​1/3 
C)  ​1/2 
D)  ​2/3 
E)  ​3/4

Question 18

Describe characteristics of clients who are candidates for peripheral parenteral nutrition.​

Accepted Answer

​In peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN

Question 19

What action would best prevent bacterial contamination when providing an enteral tube feeding?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Using fresh formula every 48 hours 
B)  ​Storing open or mixed formula in the refrigerator 
C)  ​Adding fresh formula to formula that has been hanging 
D)  ​Changing the feeding container and tubing every 72 hours 
E)  ​Hanging no more than a 24-hour supply of formula 
A)  ​Using fresh formula every 48 hours 
B)  ​Storing open or mixed formula in the refrigerator 
C)  ​Adding fresh formula to formula that has been hanging 
D)  ​Changing the feeding container and tubing every 72 hours 
E)  ​Hanging no more than a 24-hour supply of formula

Question 20

Enteral nutrition provides nutrients by using the _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​lymphatic system 
B)  ​digestive tract 
C)  ​central veins 
D)  ​peripheral veins 
E)  ​urinary system 
A)  ​lymphatic system 
B)  ​digestive tract 
C)  ​central veins 
D)  ​peripheral veins 
E)  ​urinary system

Which patient would most likely be a candidate for enteral tube feedings?

When administering an enteral feeding to a patient, the nurse understands that a hydrolyzed enteral formula contains _____.

A "12 French" feeding tube has a diameter of _____.

A patient who is suffering from weakness and lethargy is using an oral supplement to take in extra nutrients. A disadvantage of using oral nutrition supplements is that _____.

Rapid changes in infusion rates of a parenteral solution can cause _____.

What describes an advantage of using a nasogastric tube to provide enteral tube feedings?

Phlebitis may develop as a result of _____.

The energy density of most enteral formulas is between _____.

The outer diameter of a feeding tube is measured in _____.

Matching -modular formulas

The nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit understands that the preferred feeding tube placement for an infant is orogastric because _____.

Name and discuss five metabolic complications that may result from parenteral feedings.

Matching -inborn error of metabolism

Before discontinuing a tube feeding, the patient's oral intake should meet about _____ of estimated nutrient needs.

Describe characteristics of clients who are candidates for peripheral parenteral nutrition.

What action would best prevent bacterial contamination when providing an enteral tube feeding?

Enteral nutrition provides nutrients by using the _____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Exam 15: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support