Question 1

Matching​
-​gestation

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy

Question 2

Matching​
-​placenta

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy

Question 3

​Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​crab meat 
B)  ​calcium-fortified orange juice 
C)  ​black or navy beans 
D)  ​ham 
E)  ​gelatin 
A)  ​crab meat 
B)  ​calcium-fortified orange juice 
C)  ​black or navy beans 
D)  ​ham 
E)  ​gelatin

Question 4

​During pregnancy, if the development of a fetal organ is limited during a critical period, recovery of the organ is impossible.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

​Without proper management of pre-existing diabetes, a woman may face which potential complication associated with pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​bone loss and osteoporosis 
B)  ​infertility 
C)  ​increased pregnancy-related discomforts 
D)  ​neural tube defects 
E)  ​an increased risk of fetal demise 
A)  ​bone loss and osteoporosis 
B)  ​infertility 
C)  ​increased pregnancy-related discomforts 
D)  ​neural tube defects 
E)  ​an increased risk of fetal demise

Question 6

Mrs. Allen asks about drinking coffee during her pregnancy, stating that she "needs" to have her morning cup of coffee every day. What information regarding caffeine intake during pregnancy is most appropriate?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​A woman may safely consume up to 200 mg of caffeine daily during pregnancy. 
B)  ​Caffeine does not cross the placental barrier, so caffeine intake need not be limited. 
C)  ​Caffeine has been shown to cause seizures in infants when used daily during pregnancy. 
D)  ​A woman may safely consume 4 to 5 caffeinated beverages per day during pregnancy. 
E)  ​There is no amount of caffeine that is considered safe during pregnancy and it should be avoided. 
A)  ​A woman may safely consume up to 200 mg of caffeine daily during pregnancy. 
B)  ​Caffeine does not cross the placental barrier, so caffeine intake need not be limited. 
C)  ​Caffeine has been shown to cause seizures in infants when used daily during pregnancy. 
D)  ​A woman may safely consume 4 to 5 caffeinated beverages per day during pregnancy. 
E)  ​There is no amount of caffeine that is considered safe during pregnancy and it should be avoided.

Question 7

After reading a clinic brochure on prenatal nutrition, Deborah discovers that she can "kill two birds with one stone" by eating more _____, which is a good source of both iron and zinc, minerals that might be lacking in the average pregnant woman's diet.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​meat 
B)  ​yogurt 
C)  ​salad vegetables 
D)  ​citrus fruits 
E)  ​bread 
A)  ​meat 
B)  ​yogurt 
C)  ​salad vegetables 
D)  ​citrus fruits 
E)  ​bread

Question 8

Carrie is days away from delivering her first baby. She has been contemplating breastfeeding for its nutritional and immunological benefits, and has been reading about breastfeeding and talking to mothers who breastfed their babies. The birthing center where she receives prenatal care, and where she will deliver her baby, has scheduled Carrie to meet with its lactation expert. Carrie has read the birthing center's "Guide to Successful Breastfeeding," and is prepared to ask the lactation expert about relaxation techniques. Not only is Carrie "high-strung" by nature, but she is quite anxious about the childbirth process, let alone the prospect of breastfeeding. Imagine you are the lactation expert who is counseling Carrie.
​
-Carrie will most likely be successful with breastfeeding if she follows which practice?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​breastfeeding the infant on demand 
B)  ​increasing her intake of iron-rich foods 
C)  ​restricting fluids the first 48 hours 
D)  ​providing a pacifier between feedings 
E)  ​offering breast milk on a set schedule 
A)  ​breastfeeding the infant on demand 
B)  ​increasing her intake of iron-rich foods 
C)  ​restricting fluids the first 48 hours 
D)  ​providing a pacifier between feedings 
E)  ​offering breast milk on a set schedule

Question 9

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​preterm delivery 
B)  ​excessive weight gain 
C)  ​inadequate weight gain 
D)  ​gestational diabetes 
E)  ​high blood pressure 
A)  ​preterm delivery 
B)  ​excessive weight gain 
C)  ​inadequate weight gain 
D)  ​gestational diabetes 
E)  ​high blood pressure

Question 10

Matching​
-​implantation

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy

Question 11

Carrie is days away from delivering her first baby. She has been contemplating breastfeeding for its nutritional and immunological benefits, and has been reading about breastfeeding and talking to mothers who breastfed their babies. The birthing center where she receives prenatal care, and where she will deliver her baby, has scheduled Carrie to meet with its lactation expert. Carrie has read the birthing center's "Guide to Successful Breastfeeding," and is prepared to ask the lactation expert about relaxation techniques. Not only is Carrie "high-strung" by nature, but she is quite anxious about the childbirth process, let alone the prospect of breastfeeding. Imagine you are the lactation expert who is counseling Carrie.
​
-How long will Carrie breastfeed her infant if she follows the advice of the American Academy of Pediatrics?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the first week of life 
B)  ​the first six weeks of life 
C)  ​the six months of life 
D)  ​the first nine months of life 
E)  ​the first year of life 
A)  ​the first week of life 
B)  ​the first six weeks of life 
C)  ​the six months of life 
D)  ​the first nine months of life 
E)  ​the first year of life

Question 12

A breastfeeding mother should _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​feed her infant on a schedule to ensure he eats at least 8 times each day 
B)  ​allow the infant to suckle about 4 minutes on each breast 
C)  ​always offer the same breast to the infant first when feeding 
D)  ​allow the infant to suckle on the first breast offered as long as he likes 
E)  ​give the infant a small amount of water between feedings to maintain hydration 
A)  ​feed her infant on a schedule to ensure he eats at least 8 times each day 
B)  ​allow the infant to suckle about 4 minutes on each breast 
C)  ​always offer the same breast to the infant first when feeding 
D)  ​allow the infant to suckle on the first breast offered as long as he likes 
E)  ​give the infant a small amount of water between feedings to maintain hydration

Question 13

A physically fit woman who is pregnant continues to exercise throughout her pregnancy. Staying active during the course of a healthy pregnancy has been shown to establish which outcome?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Preventing neural tube defects 
B)  ​Facilitating bonding between the mother and her infant 
C)  ​Preventing excess hemorrhage during delivery 
D)  ​Improving attempts at breastfeeding 
E)  ​Reducing psychological distress 
A)  ​Preventing neural tube defects 
B)  ​Facilitating bonding between the mother and her infant 
C)  ​Preventing excess hemorrhage during delivery 
D)  ​Improving attempts at breastfeeding 
E)  ​Reducing psychological distress

Question 14

Matching​
-​anencephaly

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy

Question 15

​What advice is most appropriate for a pregnant woman to prevent listeriosis during pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Avoid certain types of cheese, including cheddar, mozzarella, and Colby. 
B)  ​Do not eat hot dogs or sausages until after pregnancy has ended. 
C)  ​Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating. 
D)  ​Avoid any type of fish, including catfish or salmon. 
E)  ​Do not consume dairy products unless they contain at least 1% milk fat. 
A)  ​Avoid certain types of cheese, including cheddar, mozzarella, and Colby. 
B)  ​Do not eat hot dogs or sausages until after pregnancy has ended. 
C)  ​Wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating. 
D)  ​Avoid any type of fish, including catfish or salmon. 
E)  ​Do not consume dairy products unless they contain at least 1% milk fat.

Question 16

What do experts cite as one of the most common deterrents to breastfeeding?​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fear and social anxiety 
B)  ​the medical community's failure to encourage breastfeeding 
C)  ​the difficulty in breastfeeding for working mothers 
D)  ​post-partum depression 
E)  ​the lack of education about how to breastfeed properly 
A)  ​fear and social anxiety 
B)  ​the medical community's failure to encourage breastfeeding 
C)  ​the difficulty in breastfeeding for working mothers 
D)  ​post-partum depression 
E)  ​the lack of education about how to breastfeed properly

Question 17

Matching​
-letdown reflex

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy

Question 18

Although smoking during pregnancy has been associated with a number of risks to both the mother and the fetus, approximately _____ percent of pregnant women in the United States still choose to smoke.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​6 
B)  ​12 
C)  ​19 
D)  ​26 
E)  ​35 
A)  ​6 
B)  ​12 
C)  ​19 
D)  ​26 
E)  ​35

Question 19

Milk moves to the front of the breast when an infant begins to nurse. This is called the _____.​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​rooting reflex 
B)  ​initial force 
C)  ​infant grasp 
D)  ​letdown reflex 
E)  ​mammary descent 
A)  ​rooting reflex 
B)  ​initial force 
C)  ​infant grasp 
D)  ​letdown reflex 
E)  ​mammary descent

Question 20

Matching​
-rooting reflex

Accepted Answer

A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy 
A) an organ in the uterus through which the fetus receives nutrients and oxygen 
B) an infant's consumption of human milk with no supplementation of any type​ 
C) ​an uncommon and always fatal type of neural tube defect that occurs when the brain is either missing or fails to develop fully 
D) one of the most common types of neural tube defects; characterized by the incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement 
E) ​a reflex that causes an infant to turn toward whichever cheek is touched, in search of a nipple
F)​a condition that occurs during pregnancy that is characterized by hypertension, fluid retention, and protein in the urine
G)​infection of a breast
H)the capacity of a woman to produce a normal ovum periodically and of a man to produce normal sperm
I)​a serious foodborne infection caused by bacteria that can lead to severe brain infection or death in a fetus or newborn
J)a spectrum of physical, behavioral, and cognitive disabilities caused by prenatal alcohol exposure
K)the cluster of symptoms seen in an infant or child whose mother consumed excessive alcohol during her pregnancy
L)​the reflex that forces milk to the front of the breast when the infant begins to nurse
M)​overfilling of the breasts with milk
N)​the stage of development in which the blastocyst embeds itself into the wall of the uterus and begins to develop
O)a finite period during development in which certain events occur that will have irreversible effects on later developmental stages
P)​the period of about 40 weeks from conception to birth
Q)​the production and secretion of breast milk for the purpose of nourishing an infant
R)a pregnancy characterized by risk factors that make it likely the birth will be surrounded by problems
S)strong desires to avoid certain foods during pregnancy
T)​glucose intolerance with first onset or first recognition during pregnancy

Exam 10: Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

Matching​ -​gestation

Matching​ -​placenta

​Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.

​During pregnancy, if the development of a fetal organ is limited during a critical period, recovery of the organ is impossible.

​Without proper management of pre-existing diabetes, a woman may face which potential complication associated with pregnancy?

Mrs. Allen asks about drinking coffee during her pregnancy, stating that she "needs" to have her morning cup of coffee every day. What information regarding caffeine intake during pregnancy is most appropriate?​

After reading a clinic brochure on prenatal nutrition, Deborah discovers that she can "kill two birds with one stone" by eating more _____, which is a good source of both iron and zinc, minerals that might be lacking in the average pregnant woman's diet.​

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of _____.​

Matching​ -​implantation

A breastfeeding mother should _____.​

A physically fit woman who is pregnant continues to exercise throughout her pregnancy. Staying active during the course of a healthy pregnancy has been shown to establish which outcome?​

Matching​ -​anencephaly

​What advice is most appropriate for a pregnant woman to prevent listeriosis during pregnancy?

What do experts cite as one of the most common deterrents to breastfeeding?​

Matching​ -letdown reflex

Although smoking during pregnancy has been associated with a number of risks to both the mother and the fetus, approximately _____ percent of pregnant women in the United States still choose to smoke.​

Milk moves to the front of the breast when an infant begins to nurse. This is called the _____.​

Matching​ -rooting reflex

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Digestion and Absorption

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management - Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span - Later Adulthood

Nutrition Care and Assessment

Nutrition Intervention and Diet-Drug Interactions

Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition Support

Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Nutrition and Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Lower Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrition and Liver Diseases

Nutrition and Diabetes Mellitus

Nutrition and Disorders of the Heart and Blood Vessels

Nutrition and Renal Diseases

Nutrition - Cancer - and HIV Infection

Filters

Matching -gestation

Matching -placenta

Jane does not eat many fruits and vegetables and she dislikes dairy products. To increase her calcium intake, you would recommend that she consume plenty of _____.

During pregnancy, if the development of a fetal organ is limited during a critical period, recovery of the organ is impossible.

Without proper management of pre-existing diabetes, a woman may face which potential complication associated with pregnancy?

Mrs. Allen asks about drinking coffee during her pregnancy, stating that she "needs" to have her morning cup of coffee every day. What information regarding caffeine intake during pregnancy is most appropriate?

After reading a clinic brochure on prenatal nutrition, Deborah discovers that she can "kill two birds with one stone" by eating more _____, which is a good source of both iron and zinc, minerals that might be lacking in the average pregnant woman's diet.

Women who enter pregnancy with iron-deficiency anemia have a greater risk of _____.

Matching -implantation

A breastfeeding mother should _____.

A physically fit woman who is pregnant continues to exercise throughout her pregnancy. Staying active during the course of a healthy pregnancy has been shown to establish which outcome?

Matching -anencephaly

What advice is most appropriate for a pregnant woman to prevent listeriosis during pregnancy?

What do experts cite as one of the most common deterrents to breastfeeding?

Matching -letdown reflex

Although smoking during pregnancy has been associated with a number of risks to both the mother and the fetus, approximately _____ percent of pregnant women in the United States still choose to smoke.

Milk moves to the front of the breast when an infant begins to nurse. This is called the _____.

Matching -rooting reflex