Exam 10: Nutrition Through the Life Span - Pregnancy and Infancy

The social worker at the prenatal clinic determines that Deborah is eligible for WIC (Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children). This program provides _____.​

An obese women should gain _____ pounds during pregnancy.​

​What changes would most improve the adequacy of this menu?

Deborah, age 24, is a Caucasian woman who is attending her first prenatal appointment with the clinic obstetrician. Deborah is single and employed in a minimum-wage job with limited financial resources. She resides with her mother. In the first month of her pregnancy, Deborah has experienced mild nausea but no vomiting, and has had a ravenous appetite. Because she works as a waitress, she has access to balanced meals at breakfast and lunch, whereas at home she and her mother primarily eat ready-to-eat dinners, and occasionally make a home-cooked meal. She is a well-appearing, normal-weight woman with no known medical conditions. She is taking no medications except for an over-the-counter prenatal vitamin-mineral supplement, which she began on her own the day she administered her pregnancy self-test two weeks ago. She does not smoke nor drink alcohol. Because she does not own a car, she walks about four miles a day; however, she has been very tired and may need to decrease the number of shifts she works at the restaurant if that continues. ​ -Deborah receives affirmation for choosing taking vitamin-mineral supplements to support her health. Prenatal supplements may be especially beneficial in preventing which risk to the fetus?​

The only acceptable alternative to breast milk is _____.​

A low-birthweight baby has a statistically greater chance of contracting diseases and dying early in life.​

Matching​ -​food aversions

A pregnant woman wants to continue to exercise throughout her pregnancy. What activity would be most appropriate to recommend?​ A pregnant woman wants to continue to exercise throughout her pregnancy. What activity would be most appropriate to recommend?

Nora, who is pregnant, awakens at 2:00 a.m. craving pickles. The craving probably indicates that ____.

​Most prescription medications taken by a breastfeeding mother will reach the infant through breast milk and can adversely impact the infant's health.

The RDA for protein during pregnancy is an additional _____ grams per day.​

​Preeclampsia usually occurs with first pregnancies and almost always occurs after 20 weeks' gestation.

Matching​ -​fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Spina bifida, characterized by incomplete closure of the spinal cord and its bony encasement, may be manifested by what features after birth?​

In the United States, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding at six months is about _____.​

Carrie is days away from delivering her first baby. She has been contemplating breastfeeding for its nutritional and immunological benefits, and has been reading about breastfeeding and talking to mothers who breastfed their babies. The birthing center where she receives prenatal care, and where she will deliver her baby, has scheduled Carrie to meet with its lactation expert. Carrie has read the birthing center's "Guide to Successful Breastfeeding," and is prepared to ask the lactation expert about relaxation techniques. Not only is Carrie "high-strung" by nature, but she is quite anxious about the childbirth process, let alone the prospect of breastfeeding. Imagine you are the lactation expert who is counseling Carrie. ​ -Carrie can best prepare to breastfeed her infant after delivery by performing which step?​

​To avoid development of neural tube defects, a pregnant woman should begin taking 600 mcg of folate supplements by the end of the first trimester.

The most potent single predictor of an infant's future health status is _____.​

Ample carbohydrate is needed by the pregnant woman in order to _____.​

Herbal supplements during pregnancy are _____.​