Question 1

Which touch receptors of the skin are sensitive to deep pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pacinian corpuscles 
B)  Meissner corpuscles 
C)  Merkel disks 
D)  Free nerve endings 
E)  Ruffini corpuscles 
A)  Pacinian corpuscles 
B)  Meissner corpuscles 
C)  Merkel disks 
D)  Free nerve endings 
E)  Ruffini corpuscles

Question 2

For your eye to focus on this sentence, the ciliary muscle would need to:

Accepted Answer

A)  contract for the lens to get rounder. 
B)  contract for the lens to get flatter. 
C)  relax for the lens to get rounder. 
D)  relax for the lens to get flatter. 
E)  relax to thin out the lens. 
A)  contract for the lens to get rounder. 
B)  contract for the lens to get flatter. 
C)  relax for the lens to get rounder. 
D)  relax for the lens to get flatter. 
E)  relax to thin out the lens.

Question 3

Figure 43-2 ​
 
​
The structures labeled as 2 in the accompanying figure are the:

Accepted Answer

A)  ampullae. 
B)  cochleae. 
C)  utricles. 
D)  semicircular canals. 
E)  bony labyrinth. 
A)  ampullae. 
B)  cochleae. 
C)  utricles. 
D)  semicircular canals. 
E)  bony labyrinth.

Question 4

Figure 43-3 ​
 
​
In the accompanying figure, the structure labeled as 4 is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  basilar membrane. 
B)  tectorial membrane. 
C)  organ of Corti. 
D)  sterociliary membrane. 
E)  vestibular membrane. 
A)  basilar membrane. 
B)  tectorial membrane. 
C)  organ of Corti. 
D)  sterociliary membrane. 
E)  vestibular membrane.

Question 5

Which group of receptors is most important in helping a diver maintain an upright position while exploring a dark passageway in an underwater shipwreck?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proprioceptors 
B)  Nociceptors 
C)  Chemoreceptors 
D)  Thermoreceptors 
E)  Electroreceptors 
A)  Proprioceptors 
B)  Nociceptors 
C)  Chemoreceptors 
D)  Thermoreceptors 
E)  Electroreceptors

Question 6

Explain energy transduction and receptor potential as they relate to the function of a sensory receptor.

Accepted Answer

Sensory receptors convert (transduce) th

Question 7

The ability of the brain to assign meaning to a stimulus is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  integration. 
C)  sensation. 
D)  perception. 
E)  assimilation. 
A)  adaptation. 
B)  integration. 
C)  sensation. 
D)  perception. 
E)  assimilation.

Question 8

Figure 43-1 ​
 
​
Refer to the accompanying figure with the lateral line organs of fishe s . The structures indicated by label 2 are:

Accepted Answer

A)  hair cells. 
B)  cupula. 
C)  stereocilia. 
D)  sensory neurons. 
E)  supporting cells. 
A)  hair cells. 
B)  cupula. 
C)  stereocilia. 
D)  sensory neurons. 
E)  supporting cells.

Question 9

When an earthworm is underground, which type of receptors will relay information on directional movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lateral line organs 
B)  Otoliths 
C)  Cristae 
D)  Stereocilia 
E)  Statocysts 
A)  Lateral line organs 
B)  Otoliths 
C)  Cristae 
D)  Stereocilia 
E)  Statocysts

Question 10

Sensilla are sensory hairs involved in taste and smell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Gina comes home to a sink full of dirty dishes and remarks, "Yuck, what a horrible smell!" She then peels an orange and sighs, "Oh! That smells much better!" What allows Gina to distinguish between the different smells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ channels are activated for pleasant smells; Cl− channels for unpleasant smells. 
B)  The process of sensory adaptation differs from smell to smell. 
C)  The amplitude of an action potential is higher for pleasant smells. 
D)  The combination of activated receptors differs from smell to smell. 
E)  Unpleasant smells activate more receptors than pleasant smells. 
A)  Na+ channels are activated for pleasant smells; Cl− channels for unpleasant smells. 
B)  The process of sensory adaptation differs from smell to smell. 
C)  The amplitude of an action potential is higher for pleasant smells. 
D)  The combination of activated receptors differs from smell to smell. 
E)  Unpleasant smells activate more receptors than pleasant smells.

Question 12

An interoceptor is located within a body organ.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Figure 43-3 ​
 
​
In the accompanying figure, the basilar membrane is labeled as:

Accepted Answer

A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  8 
A)  4 
B)  5 
C)  6 
D)  7 
E)  8

Question 14

In many invertebrates and vertebrates, tactile sensors lie at the base of a hair or bristle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Some sensory receptors decrease their frequency of action potentials when exposed to a continued, constant stimulus in a process known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  transduction. 
B)  sensory adaptation. 
C)  referred perception. 
D)  reception. 
E)  sensory summation. 
A)  transduction. 
B)  sensory adaptation. 
C)  referred perception. 
D)  reception. 
E)  sensory summation.

Question 16

What type of signal transduction process is first initiated when an odorant binds with a receptor on a cilium of an olfactory receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ionotropic receptors lead to the synthesis of cyclic AMP. 
B)  G protein receptors lead to the synthesis of cyclic AMP. 
C)  Ca2+ gated chloride channels lead to the synthesis of cyclic AMP. 
D)  Ionotropic receptors lead to the activation of G proteins. 
E)  Cyclic AMP gated channels lead to the activation of G proteins. 
A)  Ionotropic receptors lead to the synthesis of cyclic AMP. 
B)  G protein receptors lead to the synthesis of cyclic AMP. 
C)  Ca2+ gated chloride channels lead to the synthesis of cyclic AMP. 
D)  Ionotropic receptors lead to the activation of G proteins. 
E)  Cyclic AMP gated channels lead to the activation of G proteins.

Question 17

The choroid layer is a sheet of cells filled with black pigment that absorbs extra light.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Identify the correct order of structures in the vertebrate eye through which incoming light passes before the impulse travels to the brain. 1) Aqueous fluid
2) Cornea
3) Lens
4) Optic nerve
5) Photoreceptors
6) Vitreous body

Accepted Answer

A)  3 → 6 → 2 → 1 → 5 → 4 
B)  1 → 3 → 2 → 6 → 4 → 5 
C)  2 → 6 → 3 → 1 → 4 → 5 
D)  2 → 1 → 3 → 6 → 5 → 4 
E)  3 → 5 → 1 → 6 → 2 → 4 
A)  3 → 6 → 2 → 1 → 5 → 4 
B)  1 → 3 → 2 → 6 → 4 → 5 
C)  2 → 6 → 3 → 1 → 4 → 5 
D)  2 → 1 → 3 → 6 → 5 → 4 
E)  3 → 5 → 1 → 6 → 2 → 4

Question 19

Which receptors are thought to be the most numerous and active in the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proprioceptors 
B)  Nociceptors 
C)  Chemoreceptors 
D)  Mechanoreceptors 
E)  Electroreceptors 
A)  Proprioceptors 
B)  Nociceptors 
C)  Chemoreceptors 
D)  Mechanoreceptors 
E)  Electroreceptors

Question 20

A person can discriminate loud sound from a soft sound because a loud sound:

Accepted Answer

A)  is sent to a different area of the brain than a soft sound. 
B)  produces a strong graded potential. 
C)  stimulates a greater number of hair cells. 
D)  stimulates the hair cells more intensely. 
E)  has a different vibration frequency than that of a soft sound. 
A)  is sent to a different area of the brain than a soft sound. 
B)  produces a strong graded potential. 
C)  stimulates a greater number of hair cells. 
D)  stimulates the hair cells more intensely. 
E)  has a different vibration frequency than that of a soft sound.

Exam 43: Sensory Systems

Which touch receptors of the skin are sensitive to deep pressure?

For your eye to focus on this sentence, the ciliary muscle would need to:

Figure 43-2 ​ ​ The structures labeled as 2 in the accompanying figure are the:

Figure 43-3 ​ ​ In the accompanying figure, the structure labeled as 4 is the:

Which group of receptors is most important in helping a diver maintain an upright position while exploring a dark passageway in an underwater shipwreck?

Explain energy transduction and receptor potential as they relate to the function of a sensory receptor.

The ability of the brain to assign meaning to a stimulus is called:

Figure 43-1 ​ ​ Refer to the accompanying figure with the lateral line organs of fishe s . The structures indicated by label 2 are:

When an earthworm is underground, which type of receptors will relay information on directional movement?

Sensilla are sensory hairs involved in taste and smell.

Gina comes home to a sink full of dirty dishes and remarks, "Yuck, what a horrible smell!" She then peels an orange and sighs, "Oh! That smells much better!" What allows Gina to distinguish between the different smells?

An interoceptor is located within a body organ.

Figure 43-3 ​ ​ In the accompanying figure, the basilar membrane is labeled as:

In many invertebrates and vertebrates, tactile sensors lie at the base of a hair or bristle.

Some sensory receptors decrease their frequency of action potentials when exposed to a continued, constant stimulus in a process known as:

What type of signal transduction process is first initiated when an odorant binds with a receptor on a cilium of an olfactory receptor?

The choroid layer is a sheet of cells filled with black pigment that absorbs extra light.

Identify the correct order of structures in the vertebrate eye through which incoming light passes before the impulse travels to the brain. 1) Aqueous fluid 2) Cornea 3) Lens 4) Optic nerve 5) Photoreceptors 6) Vitreous body

Which receptors are thought to be the most numerous and active in the body?

A person can discriminate loud sound from a soft sound because a loud sound:

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

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Figure 43-2 The structures labeled as 2 in the accompanying figure are the:

Figure 43-3 In the accompanying figure, the structure labeled as 4 is the:

Figure 43-1 Refer to the accompanying figure with the lateral line organs of fishe s . The structures indicated by label 2 are:

Figure 43-3 In the accompanying figure, the basilar membrane is labeled as: