Question 1

Some transcription factors, such as leucine zipper proteins, form homodimers or heterodimers. How does this increase the complexity of available strategies of gene regulation?

Accepted Answer

The example given in the text proposes t

Question 2

Temporal gene regulation refers to which of the following circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Certain genes are induced only at a particular point in the organism's life cycle. 
B)  Certain genes are induced only in specific tissues. 
C)  Heat-shock genes are induced during periods of temperature stress. 
D)  "Housekeeping" genes are induced in response to a viral infection. 
E)  Molecular chaperones are synthesized after heavy-metal ingestion. 
A)  Certain genes are induced only at a particular point in the organism's life cycle. 
B)  Certain genes are induced only in specific tissues. 
C)  Heat-shock genes are induced during periods of temperature stress. 
D)  "Housekeeping" genes are induced in response to a viral infection. 
E)  Molecular chaperones are synthesized after heavy-metal ingestion.

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: addition of phosphate groups by kinase enzymes

Accepted Answer

The Answer of protein degradation and proteolytic processing and chemical is...

Question 4

Constitutive genes code for proteins that are needed for survival.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Some eukaryotic DNA sequences act as introns in the cells of some tissues and exons in the cells of other tissues. This is an example of ____, and allows for ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive control; feedback inhibition 
B)  gene amplification; the regulation of the rate of transcription 
C)  alternative splicing; the formation of different types of closely related proteins 
D)  DNA methylation; the formation of different types of closely related proteins 
E)  DNA replication; heterodimer formation 
A)  positive control; feedback inhibition 
B)  gene amplification; the regulation of the rate of transcription 
C)  alternative splicing; the formation of different types of closely related proteins 
D)  DNA methylation; the formation of different types of closely related proteins 
E)  DNA replication; heterodimer formation

Question 6

Enzymes that alter another protein or enzyme's activity by attaching a phosphate group are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  kinases 
B)  phosphatases 
C)  phosphators 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  coenzymes 
A)  kinases 
B)  phosphatases 
C)  phosphators 
D)  transcription factors 
E)  coenzymes

Question 7

Match between columns
                        Premises: alternative splicing

Accepted Answer

The Answer of regulation of transcription and regulation of translation is...

Question 8

The general transcriptional machinery is composed of the regulatory proteins bound to the promoter of a eukaryotic gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Figure 14-1
 
Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 7 in the figure of the tryptophan operon is a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  active repressor protein 
B)  inactive repressor protein 
C)  active RNA polymerase 
D)  inactive RNA polymerase 
E)  ribosome 
A)  active repressor protein 
B)  inactive repressor protein 
C)  active RNA polymerase 
D)  inactive RNA polymerase 
E)  ribosome

Question 10

Figure 14-1
 
The promoter in the accompanying figure is labeled as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  6 
B)  3 
C)  1 
D)  2 
E)  7 
A)  6 
B)  3 
C)  1 
D)  2 
E)  7

Question 11

A repressible operon is usually controlled by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an inactive repressor that allows it to be in the "on" state 
B)  the supply of the precursor product for the enzymes 
C)  an inactive repressor that keeps it in the "off" state 
D)  tryptophan 
E)  being turned "on," usually by the end product of the pathway 
A)  an inactive repressor that allows it to be in the "on" state 
B)  the supply of the precursor product for the enzymes 
C)  an inactive repressor that keeps it in the "off" state 
D)  tryptophan 
E)  being turned "on," usually by the end product of the pathway

Question 12

The organization of the lac operon, from upstream to downstream sequences, is represented by:

Accepted Answer

A)  repressor gene -> lacZ -> lacY -> lac A 
B)  lacZ -> lacY -> lac A 
C)  lacZ -> lacY -> lac A -> operator -> promoter 
D)  operator -> promoter -> lacZ -> lacY -> lac A 
E)  promoter -> operator -> lacZ -> lacY -> lac A 
A)  repressor gene -> lacZ -> lacY -> lac A 
B)  lacZ -> lacY -> lac A 
C)  lacZ -> lacY -> lac A -> operator -> promoter 
D)  operator -> promoter -> lacZ -> lacY -> lac A 
E)  promoter -> operator -> lacZ -> lacY -> lac A

Question 13

Explain genomic imprinting and how the phenotype can vary based on paternal or maternal inheritance of a particular allele.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to consider: While most genomic

Question 14

Many genes encode proteins that are always needed by a cell, and therefore are always expressed. Such genes are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  repressible 
B)  promoter 
C)  constitutive 
D)  inducible 
E)  operons 
A)  repressible 
B)  promoter 
C)  constitutive 
D)  inducible 
E)  operons

Question 15

How does the lactose repressor block transcription of the lactose operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  by "turning off" the lacA intron 
B)  by degrading the lacZ protein product 
C)  by binding allosterically to the lacZ gene 
D)  by slowing the uptake of lactose into the cell 
E)  by binding to the operator 
A)  by "turning off" the lacA intron 
B)  by degrading the lacZ protein product 
C)  by binding allosterically to the lacZ gene 
D)  by slowing the uptake of lactose into the cell 
E)  by binding to the operator

Question 16

Long coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence of introns 
B)  the lack of a polyA tail 
C)  their roles in regulating transcription 
D)  being less than 100 bases in length 
E)  binding to zinc finger transcription factors 
A)  the presence of introns 
B)  the lack of a polyA tail 
C)  their roles in regulating transcription 
D)  being less than 100 bases in length 
E)  binding to zinc finger transcription factors

Question 17

Bacteria can respond quickly to their surroundings, such as in the presence of an abundant food source. This is because:

Accepted Answer

A)  genes for functionally related enzymes are regulated together in operons. 
B)  genes for functionally related enzymes are always constitutive. 
C)  genes for functionally related enzymes are always under positive control. 
D)  efficient protein degradation removes unneeded proteins quickly. 
E)  all bacterial genes are constitutive. 
A)  genes for functionally related enzymes are regulated together in operons. 
B)  genes for functionally related enzymes are always constitutive. 
C)  genes for functionally related enzymes are always under positive control. 
D)  efficient protein degradation removes unneeded proteins quickly. 
E)  all bacterial genes are constitutive.

Question 18

An activator protein would have which of the following effects on an operon with a positive control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulate transcription 
B)  turn off transcription 
C)  stimulate transcription when a coactivator is bound to the allosteric site 
D)  inhibit transcription when a coactivator is bound to the allosteric site 
E)  activator proteins only work on operons under negative control 
A)  stimulate transcription 
B)  turn off transcription 
C)  stimulate transcription when a coactivator is bound to the allosteric site 
D)  inhibit transcription when a coactivator is bound to the allosteric site 
E)  activator proteins only work on operons under negative control

Question 19

Sketch the main elements of an inducible operon, such as the lactose operon, and explain the functions of the operator and promoter regions.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: An operon is a set

Question 20

A TATA box is seen in ____ cells and is the site where ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  prokaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
B)  eukaryotic; DNA ligase cleaves introns 
C)  eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
D)  both prokaryotic and eukaryotic; transcription factors bind 
E)  prokaryotic; a repressor protein binds 
A)  prokaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
B)  eukaryotic; DNA ligase cleaves introns 
C)  eukaryotic; RNA polymerase binds 
D)  both prokaryotic and eukaryotic; transcription factors bind 
E)  prokaryotic; a repressor protein binds

Exam 14: Gene Regulation

Some transcription factors, such as leucine zipper proteins, form homodimers or heterodimers. How does this increase the complexity of available strategies of gene regulation?

Temporal gene regulation refers to which of the following circumstances?

Constitutive genes code for proteins that are needed for survival.

Some eukaryotic DNA sequences act as introns in the cells of some tissues and exons in the cells of other tissues. This is an example of ____, and allows for ____.

Enzymes that alter another protein or enzyme's activity by attaching a phosphate group are called:

The general transcriptional machinery is composed of the regulatory proteins bound to the promoter of a eukaryotic gene.

Figure 14-1 Refer to the accompanying figure. The structure labeled as 7 in the figure of the tryptophan operon is a(n):

Figure 14-1 The promoter in the accompanying figure is labeled as ____.

A repressible operon is usually controlled by:

The organization of the lac operon, from upstream to downstream sequences, is represented by:

Explain genomic imprinting and how the phenotype can vary based on paternal or maternal inheritance of a particular allele.

Many genes encode proteins that are always needed by a cell, and therefore are always expressed. Such genes are known as:

How does the lactose repressor block transcription of the lactose operon?

Long coding RNAs (lnc RNAs) are characterized by:

Bacteria can respond quickly to their surroundings, such as in the presence of an abundant food source. This is because:

An activator protein would have which of the following effects on an operon with a positive control mechanism?

Sketch the main elements of an inducible operon, such as the lactose operon, and explain the functions of the operator and promoter regions.

A TATA box is seen in ____ cells and is the site where ____.

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Some eukaryotic DNA sequences act as introns in the cells of some tissues and exons in the cells of other tissues. This is an example of , and allows for .

A TATA box is seen in cells and is the site where .