Question 1

Specialized structures within a living cell are known as ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  organelles. 
B)  eukaryotic structures. 
C)  prokaryotic structures. 
D)  unorganized structures. 
E)  nuclei. 
A)  organelles. 
B)  eukaryotic structures. 
C)  prokaryotic structures. 
D)  unorganized structures. 
E)  nuclei.

Question 2

What is the purpose of the cristae of the inner membrane of mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  To store food 
B)  To transport waste 
C)  To metabolize lipids 
D)  To increase surface area 
E)  To break down nutrients 
A)  To store food 
B)  To transport waste 
C)  To metabolize lipids 
D)  To increase surface area 
E)  To break down nutrients

Question 3

Which technique is used to separate different part of cells so that they can be studied by both physical and chemical methods?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biochemical techniques 
B)  Physical separation techniques 
C)  Object separation techniques 
D)  Cell fractionation 
E)  Chemical separation techniques 
A)  Biochemical techniques 
B)  Physical separation techniques 
C)  Object separation techniques 
D)  Cell fractionation 
E)  Chemical separation techniques

Question 4

Briefly explain the relationship between the surface area and volume of a cell and overall cell size. List two ways in which organisms have successfully "solved" this problem.

Accepted Answer

The surface area of a cell must be large

Question 5

You isolate a cellular structure and determine that it is composed of α-tubulin and β-tubulin. Based on this evidence, you correctly identify this structure as a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  structural MAP 
B)  microfilament 
C)  microtubule 
D)  actin filament 
E)  myosin filament 
A)  structural MAP 
B)  microfilament 
C)  microtubule 
D)  actin filament 
E)  myosin filament

Question 6

Which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  centrosome 
B)  microtubules 
C)  DNA 
D)  ribosomes 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  centrosome 
B)  microtubules 
C)  DNA 
D)  ribosomes 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

What type of microscopy uses a laser to excite fluorophores in a thin "slice" through a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  confocal microscopy 
B)  fluorescence microscopy 
C)  phase contrast microscopy 
D)  scanning electron microscopy 
E)  Nomarski differential interference-contrast microscopy 
A)  confocal microscopy 
B)  fluorescence microscopy 
C)  phase contrast microscopy 
D)  scanning electron microscopy 
E)  Nomarski differential interference-contrast microscopy

Question 8

Intermediate filaments are most closely associated with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  actin 
B)  myosin 
C)  keratins 
D)  microvilli 
E)  pseudopodia 
A)  actin 
B)  myosin 
C)  keratins 
D)  microvilli 
E)  pseudopodia

Question 9

Plants lack organ systems for disposing of toxic metabolic waste products. Their cells' vacuoles are similar to which animal cell organelle?

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleolus 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  nucleolus 
B)  lysosomes 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  mitochondria 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 10

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the membrane of the ____ and is usually covered with attached ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleolus 
B)  cell wall 
C)  chromatin 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  nucleolus 
B)  cell wall 
C)  chromatin 
D)  plasma membrane 
E)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

What protects a cell and may help keep other cells at a distance?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell wall 
B)  glycocalyx 
C)  microfilaments 
D)  middle lamella 
E)  extracellular matrix 
A)  cell wall 
B)  glycocalyx 
C)  microfilaments 
D)  middle lamella 
E)  extracellular matrix

Question 12

The smooth ER is the primary site for the synthesis of proteins and cholesterol needed to make membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

During an infection, white blood cells travel to the infected site and phagocytize the pathogens. After phagocytosis, primary lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vesicle to form a larger vesicle called a secondary lysosome. The purpose for this process is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  export the intact secondary lysosome containing the pathogens from the cell 
B)  isolate the pathogens in an additional membrane to render them harmless 
C)  coat the pathogens in lipids to tag it for neutralization 
D)  degrade the pathogens with hydrolytic enzymes for later export from the cell 
E)  degrade the pathogens into components, which the cell recycles or uses as an energy source 
A)  export the intact secondary lysosome containing the pathogens from the cell 
B)  isolate the pathogens in an additional membrane to render them harmless 
C)  coat the pathogens in lipids to tag it for neutralization 
D)  degrade the pathogens with hydrolytic enzymes for later export from the cell 
E)  degrade the pathogens into components, which the cell recycles or uses as an energy source

Question 14

While testing an experimental drip on a vertebrate cell, you notice that the cell cortex becomes more fluid and the cell loses its ability to move. Despite this, you determine that cell strength is maintained. Based on these observations, you correctly conclude that the drug most directly affects:

Accepted Answer

A)  myosin 
B)  β-tubulin 
C)  α-tubulin 
D)  actin filaments 
E)  intermediate filaments 
A)  myosin 
B)  β-tubulin 
C)  α-tubulin 
D)  actin filaments 
E)  intermediate filaments

Question 15

If a bacterial toxin destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein synthesis 
B)  DNA synthesis 
C)  Movement 
D)  Energy storage 
E)  Active transport 
A)  Protein synthesis 
B)  DNA synthesis 
C)  Movement 
D)  Energy storage 
E)  Active transport

Question 16

Figure 4-1 ​
 
Which statement about the accompanying figures is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Figure B has a smaller volume than Figure A. 
B)  Figure B has a greater volume than Figure A. 
C)  Figure B has a greater surface area than Figure A. 
D)  Figure B has a greater surface area to volume ratio than Figure A. 
E)  Figure B has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than Figure A. 
A)  Figure B has a smaller volume than Figure A. 
B)  Figure B has a greater volume than Figure A. 
C)  Figure B has a greater surface area than Figure A. 
D)  Figure B has a greater surface area to volume ratio than Figure A. 
E)  Figure B has a smaller surface area to volume ratio than Figure A.

Exam 4: Organization of the Cell

Specialized structures within a living cell are known as ___________.

What is the purpose of the cristae of the inner membrane of mitochondria?

Which technique is used to separate different part of cells so that they can be studied by both physical and chemical methods?

Briefly explain the relationship between the surface area and volume of a cell and overall cell size. List two ways in which organisms have successfully "solved" this problem.

You isolate a cellular structure and determine that it is composed of α-tubulin and β-tubulin. Based on this evidence, you correctly identify this structure as a(n):

Which of the following is a key component of the cytoskeleton?

What type of microscopy uses a laser to excite fluorophores in a thin "slice" through a cell?

Intermediate filaments are most closely associated with which of the following?

Plants lack organ systems for disposing of toxic metabolic waste products. Their cells' vacuoles are similar to which animal cell organelle?

The outer membrane of the nuclear envelope is continuous with the membrane of the ____ and is usually covered with attached ribosomes.

What protects a cell and may help keep other cells at a distance?

The smooth ER is the primary site for the synthesis of proteins and cholesterol needed to make membranes.

During an infection, white blood cells travel to the infected site and phagocytize the pathogens. After phagocytosis, primary lysosomes fuse with the phagocytic vesicle to form a larger vesicle called a secondary lysosome. The purpose for this process is to:

While testing an experimental drip on a vertebrate cell, you notice that the cell cortex becomes more fluid and the cell loses its ability to move. Despite this, you determine that cell strength is maintained. Based on these observations, you correctly conclude that the drug most directly affects:

If a bacterial toxin destroys ribosomes, what cellular activity will be affected first?

Figure 4-1 ​ Which statement about the accompanying figures is true?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 4-1 Which statement about the accompanying figures is true?