Exam 4: Organization of the Cell

Describe the likely cellular organelle or structure that has been affected in the following medical conditions (Note: There may be more than one organelle or structure involved.): A. The sperm of a man cannot swim, thus rendering him infertile. B. A child experiences kidney failure because of Fabry's disease in which the cells lining the inside of the kidney tubule accumulate abnormally large amounts of glycolipids that are usually degraded by enzymes. C. A person dies within minutes after ingesting cyanide because of a lack of ATP synthesis. ​

Upon observing a cell of a grass blade, you notice a prominent sac that occupies a large portion of the cell. Which organelle is this?

The accompanying image is the product of which type of microscope?

Enzymes called proteases in the ER lumen catalyze folding of proteins into proper conformations.

The smooth ER is the primary site for the synthesis of phospholipids and cholesterol needed to make ____.

Why is it advantageous for cells to be small?

Briefly describe accommodations that a cell must make if it maintains a large, spherical shape, such as a human egg cell. Then, describe what changes to shape a large cell could make to increase its surface area and explain why these shape changes are advantageous to the cell.

Draw and label a rough structural diagram of a eukaryotic flagellum. Identify the role of each labeled structure in the process of movement associated with this organelle.

What is generally the maximum magnifying capacity of a light microscope?

The ratio of the size of the image seen with the microscope to the actual size of the object is called:

DNA is associated with certain proteins, forming a complex called:

Almost every vertebrate cell has a primary cilium, a single cilium on the cell surface that serves as a cellular antenna.

Which two organelles are responsible for converting energy into forms that can be used by cells?

Cells that secrete large amounts of glycoprotein have many Golgi stacks.

A cell is surrounded by which distinctive surface membrane?

Peroxisomes are found in large numbers in cells that synthesize, store, and degrade lipids, and one of their functions is to break down protein molecules.