Question 1

Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  ionic interactions 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrophobic interactions 
E)  nonpolar covalent bonds 
A)  hydrogen bonds 
B)  ionic interactions 
C)  polar covalent bonds 
D)  hydrophobic interactions 
E)  nonpolar covalent bonds

Question 2

Since a carbon atom has 4 valence electrons, it can complete its valence shell by forming a total of 4 hydrogen bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Match between columns
                        Premises: a beta-pleated sheet is one typical structure

Accepted Answer

The Answer of nucleic acid and lipid and carbohydrate and is...

Question 4

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

Accepted Answer

A)  protein−ester linkage 
B)  steroid−peptide bond 
C)  polysaccharide−peptide bond 
D)  triacylglycerol−glycosidic linkage 
E)  nucleic acid−phosphodiester linkage 
A)  protein−ester linkage 
B)  steroid−peptide bond 
C)  polysaccharide−peptide bond 
D)  triacylglycerol−glycosidic linkage 
E)  nucleic acid−phosphodiester linkage

Question 5

What is the purpose of molecular chaperones?

Accepted Answer

A)  To transfer an amino acid 
B)  To attach a carboxyl group 
C)  To straighten other molecular proteins 
D)  To strengthen the tertiary structure of a protein 
E)  To assist the folding of other molecular proteins 
A)  To transfer an amino acid 
B)  To attach a carboxyl group 
C)  To straighten other molecular proteins 
D)  To strengthen the tertiary structure of a protein 
E)  To assist the folding of other molecular proteins

Question 6

The helical coil shape of an α-helix fibrous protein provides what type of property to that protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  rigidity 
B)  strength 
C)  elasticity 
D)  heat tolerance 
E)  water retention 
A)  rigidity 
B)  strength 
C)  elasticity 
D)  heat tolerance 
E)  water retention

Question 7

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:

Accepted Answer

A)  R or variable groups 
B)  number of potassium groups 
C)  number of phosphate groups 
D)  number of carbonyl groups 
E)  number of asymmetric carbons 
A)  R or variable groups 
B)  number of potassium groups 
C)  number of phosphate groups 
D)  number of carbonyl groups 
E)  number of asymmetric carbons

Question 8

The following amino acid would be characterized as ____ based on the chemical properties of its side chain. ​
 
​

Accepted Answer

A)  basic 
B)  acidic 
C)  nonpolar 
D)  hydrophilic 
E)  electrically charged 
A)  basic 
B)  acidic 
C)  nonpolar 
D)  hydrophilic 
E)  electrically charged

Question 9

By definition, geometric isomers are mirror images of each other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Which carbohydrate is the most structurally complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  polymer 
B)  monomer 
C)  phospholipid 
D)  polysaccharide 
E)  monosaccharide 
A)  polymer 
B)  monomer 
C)  phospholipid 
D)  polysaccharide 
E)  monosaccharide

Question 11

Why are hydrocarbons considered hydrophobic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydrocarbons exist as isomers. 
B)  Hydrocarbons contain oxygen atoms. 
C)  The covalent bonds between carbon atoms are polar. 
D)  The covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar. 
E)  The hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar. 
A)  Hydrocarbons exist as isomers. 
B)  Hydrocarbons contain oxygen atoms. 
C)  The covalent bonds between carbon atoms are polar. 
D)  The covalent bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar. 
E)  The hydrogen bonds between hydrogen and carbon are nonpolar.

Question 12

What is the purpose of regulatory proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  To store nutrients 
B)  To defend against foreign invaders 
C)  To catalyze a specific chemical reaction 
D)  To control the expression of specific genes 
E)  To strengthen and protect cells and tissues 
A)  To store nutrients 
B)  To defend against foreign invaders 
C)  To catalyze a specific chemical reaction 
D)  To control the expression of specific genes 
E)  To strengthen and protect cells and tissues

Question 13

A pyrimidine is a double-ring molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which lipid can be identified by its isoprene units?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fats 
B)  Steroids 
C)  Carotenoids 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Phospholipids 
A)  Fats 
B)  Steroids 
C)  Carotenoids 
D)  Amino acids 
E)  Phospholipids

Question 15

When we know what kinds of ____ are present in an organic compound, we can predict its chemical behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins 
B)  enzymes 
C)  triacylglycerols 
D)  macromolecules 
E)  functional groups 
A)  proteins 
B)  enzymes 
C)  triacylglycerols 
D)  macromolecules 
E)  functional groups

Question 16

Unlike lipids, hydrophilic functional groups typically contain ____ atoms, which make them more soluble in water.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon 
B)  oxygen 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  phosphate 
A)  carbon 
B)  oxygen 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  nitrogen 
E)  phosphate

Question 17

_______________________ are isomers that are mirror images of each other.

Accepted Answer

A)  Geometric isomers 
B)  Structural isomers 
C)  Disaccharides 
D)  Enantiomers 
E)  Amino groups 
A)  Geometric isomers 
B)  Structural isomers 
C)  Disaccharides 
D)  Enantiomers 
E)  Amino groups

Question 18

What are compounds that have the same molecular formulas but different structures and different molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thiols 
B)  Monomers 
C)  Hexoses 
D)  Amyloplasts 
E)  Isomers 
A)  Thiols 
B)  Monomers 
C)  Hexoses 
D)  Amyloplasts 
E)  Isomers

Question 19

Match between columns
                        Premises: most are nonpolar

Accepted Answer

The Answer of lipid and nucleic acid and carbohydrate and is...

Question 20

Match between columns
                        Premises: has 20 different types of monomers

Accepted Answer

The Answer of protein and nucleic acid and lipid and is...

Exam 3: The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Which of the following is responsible for the alpha-helical structure of proteins?

Since a carbon atom has 4 valence electrons, it can complete its valence shell by forming a total of 4 hydrogen bonds.

Which pair matches the correct macromolecule with the bond that joins its subunits?

What is the purpose of molecular chaperones?

The helical coil shape of an α-helix fibrous protein provides what type of property to that protein?

The primary difference between the amino acids commonly found in proteins is in their:

The following amino acid would be characterized as ____ based on the chemical properties of its side chain. ​ ​

By definition, geometric isomers are mirror images of each other.

Which carbohydrate is the most structurally complex?

Why are hydrocarbons considered hydrophobic?

What is the purpose of regulatory proteins?

A pyrimidine is a double-ring molecule.

Which lipid can be identified by its isoprene units?

When we know what kinds of ____ are present in an organic compound, we can predict its chemical behavior.

Unlike lipids, hydrophilic functional groups typically contain ____ atoms, which make them more soluble in water.

_______________________ are isomers that are mirror images of each other.

What are compounds that have the same molecular formulas but different structures and different molecules?

A View of Life

Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

The following amino acid would be characterized as ____ based on the chemical properties of its side chain.