Question 1

Which element activates many enzymes and is needed in blood and other tissues of animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  magnesium 
B)  iron 
C)  sulfur 
D)  chlorine 
E)  sodium 
A)  magnesium 
B)  iron 
C)  sulfur 
D)  chlorine 
E)  sodium

Question 2

Which substance is an example of a very strong acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  milk 
B)  coffee 
C)  bleach 
D)  seawater 
E)  lemon juice 
A)  milk 
B)  coffee 
C)  bleach 
D)  seawater 
E)  lemon juice

Question 3

Oxidation occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined most directly by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic number 
B)  atomic weight 
C)  number of neutrons 
D)  number protons 
E)  number of valence electrons 
A)  atomic number 
B)  atomic weight 
C)  number of neutrons 
D)  number protons 
E)  number of valence electrons

Question 5

Figure 2-1 ​
 
What is the difference between the two atoms in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  their electrical charge 
B)  the number of electrons 
C)  the number of protons 
D)  the number of neutrons 
E)  the number of valence shells 
A)  their electrical charge 
B)  the number of electrons 
C)  the number of protons 
D)  the number of neutrons 
E)  the number of valence shells

Question 6

What is the approximate pH of ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  11 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  7 
D)  8 
E)  11

Question 7

Which of the following would most likely form electrolytes in water?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  ethanol 
C)  an organic compound 
D)  an inorganic compound 
E)  a nonionic compound 
A)  glucose 
B)  ethanol 
C)  an organic compound 
D)  an inorganic compound 
E)  a nonionic compound

Question 8

How can we identify a particular element?

Accepted Answer

A)  by its number of protons 
B)  by its number of electrons 
C)  by its number of neutrons 
D)  by its shape of valence shells 
E)  by its amount of energy levels 
A)  by its number of protons 
B)  by its number of electrons 
C)  by its number of neutrons 
D)  by its shape of valence shells 
E)  by its amount of energy levels

Question 9

As a researcher, you are charged with determining the effects of a new drug. From previous observations, you suspect that this drug reduces the rate of DNA production (replication) in the skin cells of patients using the drug. With the following materials, design an experiment that would determine the effect of the drug on DNA replication. You know that DNA contains phosphate groups. You have radioactive isotopes of phosphate (32P), skin cell cultures from different patients, the drug in question, and a device that measures radioactivity.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Construction of an

Question 10

A solution having a pH of 8 is slightly acidic .

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3

Accepted Answer

A)  rust 
B)  iron 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  rust 
B)  iron 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen 
E)  hydrogen

Question 12

The hydrogen bonds of water play an important role in the ability of plants to transport water (via capillary action). Explain how this occurs.

Accepted Answer

Concepts to Consider: Transfer

Question 13

What is the OH− concentration of a solution having a pH of 2?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 × 10-12 
B)  1 × 10-10 
C)  1 × 10-7 
D)  1 × 10-2 
E)  1 × 10-1 
A)  1 × 10-12 
B)  1 × 10-10 
C)  1 × 10-7 
D)  1 × 10-2 
E)  1 × 10-1

Question 14

Which of the following atoms can form five covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  carbon 
E)  nitrogen 
A)  oxygen 
B)  phosphorus 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  carbon 
E)  nitrogen

Question 15

Which component becomes oxidized in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3

Accepted Answer

A)  rust 
B)  iron 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen 
E)  hydrogen 
A)  rust 
B)  iron 
C)  water 
D)  oxygen 
E)  hydrogen

Question 16

Figure 2-1 ​
 
What is the atomic mass of the atom identified as A in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 amu 
B)  6 amu 
C)  8 amu 
D)  12 amu 
E)  18 amu 
A)  2 amu 
B)  6 amu 
C)  8 amu 
D)  12 amu 
E)  18 amu

Question 17

The covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom in water is formed when:

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen gains an electron from oxygen 
B)  hydrogen and oxygen share an electron pair 
C)  hydrogen and oxygen both lose electrons from their outer shells 
D)  hydrogen and oxygen both gain electrons in their outer shells 
E)  hydrogen loses an electron from oxygen 
A)  hydrogen gains an electron from oxygen 
B)  hydrogen and oxygen share an electron pair 
C)  hydrogen and oxygen both lose electrons from their outer shells 
D)  hydrogen and oxygen both gain electrons in their outer shells 
E)  hydrogen loses an electron from oxygen

Question 18

Which statement best describes an atom?

Accepted Answer

A)  A substance that cannot burn. 
B)  A substance that is soluble in both acid and base 
C)  A substance that is held together by covalent bonds 
D)  A substance that is composed of more than one kind of atom 
E)  A substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance 
A)  A substance that cannot burn. 
B)  A substance that is soluble in both acid and base 
C)  A substance that is held together by covalent bonds 
D)  A substance that is composed of more than one kind of atom 
E)  A substance that cannot be broken into a simpler substance

Question 19

The atomic mass determines the identity of an element.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

As water boils and turns to steam, what happens to the hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

A)  The hydrogen bonds break. 
B)  The hydrogen bonds strengthen. 
C)  The hydrogen bonds generate additional bonds. 
D)  The hydrogen bonds form a crystalline lattice structure. 
E)  The hydrogen bonds continually break and rejoin. 
A)  The hydrogen bonds break. 
B)  The hydrogen bonds strengthen. 
C)  The hydrogen bonds generate additional bonds. 
D)  The hydrogen bonds form a crystalline lattice structure. 
E)  The hydrogen bonds continually break and rejoin.

Exam 2: Atoms and Molecules: the Chemical Basis of Life

Which element activates many enzymes and is needed in blood and other tissues of animals?

Which substance is an example of a very strong acid?

Oxidation occurs when an atom gains one or more electrons.

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined most directly by the:

Figure 2-1 ​ What is the difference between the two atoms in the accompanying figure?

What is the approximate pH of ammonia?

Which of the following would most likely form electrolytes in water?

How can we identify a particular element?

A solution having a pH of 8 is slightly acidic .

Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3

The hydrogen bonds of water play an important role in the ability of plants to transport water (via capillary action). Explain how this occurs.

What is the OH− concentration of a solution having a pH of 2?

Which of the following atoms can form five covalent bonds?

Which component becomes oxidized in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O2 → 2 Fe2O3

Figure 2-1 ​ What is the atomic mass of the atom identified as A in the accompanying figure?

The covalent bond between a hydrogen atom and the oxygen atom in water is formed when:

Which statement best describes an atom?

The atomic mass determines the identity of an element.

As water boils and turns to steam, what happens to the hydrogen bonds?

A View of Life

The Chemistry of Life: Organic Compounds

Organization of the Cell

Biological Membranes

Cell Communication

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Make Atp: Energy-Releasing Pathways

Photosynthesis: Capturing Light Energy

Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Meiosis

The Basic Principles of Heredity

DNA: The Carrier of Genetic Information

Gene Expression

Gene Regulation

DNA Technology and Genomics

Human Genetics and the Human Genome

Developmental Genetics

Introduction to Darwinian Evolution

Evolutionary Change in Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

The Origin and Evolutionary History of Life

The Evolution of Primates

Understanding Diversity: Systematics

Viruses and Subviral Agents

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

The Fungi

An Introduction to Animal Diversity

Sponges, Cnidarians, Ctenophores, and Protostomes

The Deuterostomes

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Leaf Structure and Function

Stem Structure and Transport

Roots and Mineral Nutrition

Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Plant Developmental Responses to External and Internal Signals

Animal Structure and Function: an Introduction

Protection, Support, and Movement

Neural Signaling

Neural Regulation

Sensory Systems

Internal Transport

The Immune System: Internal Defense

Gas Exchange

Processing Food and Nutrition

Osmoregulation and Disposal of Metabolic Wastes

Endocrine Regulation

Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

Introduction to Ecology: Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and the Biosphere

Ecology and the Geography of Life

Biological Diversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

Figure 2-1 What is the difference between the two atoms in the accompanying figure?

Which component is the oxidizing agent in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O₂ → 2 Fe₂O₃

Which component becomes oxidized in the following chemical reaction? 4 Fe + 3 O₂ → 2 Fe₂O₃

Figure 2-1 What is the atomic mass of the atom identified as A in the accompanying figure?