Question 1

The energy stored in ATP is a form of ________ energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical 
B)  heat 
C)  electrical 
D)  chemical 
E)  kinetic 
A)  mechanical 
B)  heat 
C)  electrical 
D)  chemical 
E)  kinetic

Question 2

The building blocks of proteins are

Accepted Answer

A)  eicosanoids. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  triglycerides. 
D)  phospholipids. 
E)  monosaccharides. 
A)  eicosanoids. 
B)  amino acids. 
C)  triglycerides. 
D)  phospholipids. 
E)  monosaccharides.

Question 3

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

Accepted Answer

A)  dissociate or separate from one another. 
B)  get lost in the solvent. 
C)  cling tightly together. 
D)  lose their charge. 
E)  settle to the bottom of the container. 
A)  dissociate or separate from one another. 
B)  get lost in the solvent. 
C)  cling tightly together. 
D)  lose their charge. 
E)  settle to the bottom of the container.

Question 4

Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  disaccharide 
D)  sucrose 
E)  maltose 
A)  glucose 
B)  lactose 
C)  disaccharide 
D)  sucrose 
E)  maltose

Question 5

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide. 
B)  Sodium chloride is dissolved in water. 
C)  ATP is converted to ADP. 
D)  Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. 
E)  Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain. 
A)  Two amino acids are bonded together to form a dipeptide. 
B)  Sodium chloride is dissolved in water. 
C)  ATP is converted to ADP. 
D)  Sucrose is chemically separated to form one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. 
E)  Several dipeptide chains are formed from digestion of a long polypeptide chain.

Question 6

What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary structure 
B)  tertiary structure 
C)  quaternary structure 
D)  primary structure 
E)  peptide structure 
A)  secondary structure 
B)  tertiary structure 
C)  quaternary structure 
D)  primary structure 
E)  peptide structure

Question 7

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of bond is found at "B"?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen atom 
B)  polar covalent bond 
C)  water molecule 
D)  hydrogen atom 
E)  hydrogen bond 
A)  oxygen atom 
B)  polar covalent bond 
C)  water molecule 
D)  hydrogen atom 
E)  hydrogen bond

Question 8

Chemical energy

Accepted Answer

A)  moves matter. 
B)  results from the position or movement of objects. 
C)  is a form of potential energy within chemical bonds. 
D)  comes from the sun. 
E)  is not important in physiological processes. 
A)  moves matter. 
B)  results from the position or movement of objects. 
C)  is a form of potential energy within chemical bonds. 
D)  comes from the sun. 
E)  is not important in physiological processes.

Question 9

Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35,

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of red blood cells decreases. 
B)  the blood becomes saltier. 
C)  an imbalance called acidosis results. 
D)  an imbalance called alkalosis results. 
E)  nothing happens as this is an acceptable deviation. 
A)  the number of red blood cells decreases. 
B)  the blood becomes saltier. 
C)  an imbalance called acidosis results. 
D)  an imbalance called alkalosis results. 
E)  nothing happens as this is an acceptable deviation.

Question 10

Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of carbon dioxide from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in solution. As a result,

Accepted Answer

A)  the pH of body fluids will rise. 
B)  the pH of body fluids will fall. 
C)  the pH of body fluids will become neutral. 
D)  the pH of body fluids will not be affected. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  the pH of body fluids will rise. 
B)  the pH of body fluids will fall. 
C)  the pH of body fluids will become neutral. 
D)  the pH of body fluids will not be affected. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 11

Which of the following is mismatched?

Accepted Answer

A)  triglyceride--fat 
B)  eicosanoid--prostaglandin 
C)  ribose--RNA 
D)  enzyme--protein 
E)  cholesterol--nucleic acid 
A)  triglyceride--fat 
B)  eicosanoid--prostaglandin 
C)  ribose--RNA 
D)  enzyme--protein 
E)  cholesterol--nucleic acid

Question 12

-The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride ion 
B)  dissociation 
C)  water molecule 
D)  sodium ion 
E)  salt crystal 
A)  chloride ion 
B)  dissociation 
C)  water molecule 
D)  sodium ion 
E)  salt crystal

Question 13

If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

Accepted Answer

A)  energy has been stored in the molecular bonds of the product. 
B)  energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds. 
C)  the reaction will be reversible without additional energy input. 
D)  a synthesis reaction is likely to have occurred. 
E)  All of these choices are correct. 
A)  energy has been stored in the molecular bonds of the product. 
B)  energy has been released by the breaking of molecular bonds. 
C)  the reaction will be reversible without additional energy input. 
D)  a synthesis reaction is likely to have occurred. 
E)  All of these choices are correct.

Question 14

Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain are held together by

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  high energy bonds. 
C)  peptide bonds. 
D)  Van der Waals bonds. 
E)  ionic bonds. 
A)  hydrogen bonds. 
B)  high energy bonds. 
C)  peptide bonds. 
D)  Van der Waals bonds. 
E)  ionic bonds.

Question 15

Heat energy is

Accepted Answer

A)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
D)  energy that moves in waves. 
E)  the form of energy that actually does work. 
A)  energy that flows between objects with different temperatures. 
B)  movement of ions or electrons. 
C)  stored energy that could do work but is not doing so. 
D)  energy that moves in waves. 
E)  the form of energy that actually does work.

Question 16

The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbohydrates 
B)  nucleic acids 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  phospholipids 
E)  steroids 
A)  carbohydrates 
B)  nucleic acids 
C)  prostaglandins 
D)  phospholipids 
E)  steroids

Question 17

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Accepted Answer

A)  molecules 
B)  nonelectrolytes and solutes. 
C)  electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current. 
D)  nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current. 
E)  molecules and electrolytes. 
A)  molecules 
B)  nonelectrolytes and solutes. 
C)  electrolytes, because they can conduct an electrical current. 
D)  nonelectrolytes, because they do not conduct an electrical current. 
E)  molecules and electrolytes.

Question 18

Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  producing surface tension in water 
B)  helping hold DNA strands together 
C)  helping atoms give up or receive electrons 
D)  helping hold a protein structure together 
A)  producing surface tension in water 
B)  helping hold DNA strands together 
C)  helping atoms give up or receive electrons 
D)  helping hold a protein structure together

Question 19

How does a buffer help a solution maintain pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  A buffer releases acid to maintain proper pH. 
B)  A buffer forms both cations and anions to counteract acids. 
C)  A buffer can act like a base if pH is acidic, and it can act like an acid if pH is basic. 
D)  A buffer release base to neutralize acid. 
A)  A buffer releases acid to maintain proper pH. 
B)  A buffer forms both cations and anions to counteract acids. 
C)  A buffer can act like a base if pH is acidic, and it can act like an acid if pH is basic. 
D)  A buffer release base to neutralize acid.

Question 20

A base is a proton

Accepted Answer

A)  donor. 
B)  converter. 
C)  acceptor. 
D)  creator. 
E)  Both acceptor and creator. 
A)  donor. 
B)  converter. 
C)  acceptor. 
D)  creator. 
E)  Both acceptor and creator.

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

The energy stored in ATP is a form of ________ energy.

The building blocks of proteins are

When ionic compounds dissolve in water, their ions

Consider the following five terms. Which term does not belong with the other four terms?

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

What protein structure results from folding or coiling of a polypeptide chain caused by hydrogen bonds between amino acids?

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of bond is found at "B"?

Chemical energy

Normal pH range for blood is 7.35 to 7.45. If blood pH falls below 7.35,

Hyperventilation causes the loss of large amounts of carbon dioxide from the body, decreasing the amount of hydrogen ions in solution. As a result,

Which of the following is mismatched?

-The sodium chloride molecule breaks apart in water. What does "A" represent?

If the products of a chemical reaction contain less potential energy than the reactants,

Adjacent amino acids in a polypeptide chain are held together by

Heat energy is

The molecule used most frequently by cells as a fuel belongs to which of the following groups?

Cations and anions that dissociate in water are sometimes called

Hydrogen bonds are important for all of the following except:

How does a buffer help a solution maintain pH?

A base is a proton

The Human Organism

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters