Question 1

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  urethra 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  urethra 
C)  renal pelvis 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct D

Question 2

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased renin secretion. 
B)  decreased ADH secretion. 
C)  suppression of thirst. 
D)  stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
E)  decreased renin secretion. 
A)  increased renin secretion. 
B)  decreased ADH secretion. 
C)  suppression of thirst. 
D)  stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. 
E)  decreased renin secretion. A

Question 3

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

Accepted Answer

A)  trigone 
B)  internal urinary sphincter 
C)  micturition mucle 
D)  detrusor muscle 
A)  trigone 
B)  internal urinary sphincter 
C)  micturition mucle 
D)  detrusor muscle D

Question 4

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most filtrate (99%) is eliminated as urine. 
B)  Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. 
C)  Reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled. 
D)  Sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Hormones play a minor role in fluid homeostasis. 
A)  Most filtrate (99%) is eliminated as urine. 
B)  Normal filtrate contains a large amount of protein. 
C)  Reabsorption of water in the filtrate may be hormonally controlled. 
D)  Sodium ions are secreted into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Hormones play a minor role in fluid homeostasis.

Question 5

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the

Accepted Answer

A)  urethra. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  calyces. 
D)  renal columns. 
E)  renal tubules. 
A)  urethra. 
B)  ureter. 
C)  calyces. 
D)  renal columns. 
E)  renal tubules.

Question 6

Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing the blood pressure. 
B)  causing retention of sodium ions. 
C)  inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. 
D)  stimulating the release of aldosterone from the adrenals. 
E)  stimulating the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. 
A)  decreasing the blood pressure. 
B)  causing retention of sodium ions. 
C)  inhibiting the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary. 
D)  stimulating the release of aldosterone from the adrenals. 
E)  stimulating the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary.

Question 7

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH 
B)  PAH 
C)  insulin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  glucose 
A)  ADH 
B)  PAH 
C)  insulin 
D)  aldosterone 
E)  glucose

Question 8

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, _____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

Accepted Answer

A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  95% 
E)  100% 
A)  65% 
B)  75% 
C)  80% 
D)  95% 
E)  100%

Question 9

The openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called

Accepted Answer

A)  fenestrae. 
B)  gap junctions. 
C)  filtration slits. 
D)  macula densa. 
E)  membrane channels. 
A)  fenestrae. 
B)  gap junctions. 
C)  filtration slits. 
D)  macula densa. 
E)  membrane channels.

Question 10

Increased aldosterone causes increased

Accepted Answer

A)  urine volume. 
B)  sodium secretion. 
C)  potassium secretion. 
D)  reabsorption of hydrogen ions. 
E)  filtrate formation. 
A)  urine volume. 
B)  sodium secretion. 
C)  potassium secretion. 
D)  reabsorption of hydrogen ions. 
E)  filtrate formation.

Question 11

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B)  a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  rapid removal of filtrate. 
E)  a low medullary concentration gradient. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule reabsorption. 
B)  a high medullary concentration gradient. 
C)  osmosis. 
D)  rapid removal of filtrate. 
E)  a low medullary concentration gradient.

Question 12

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  renal artery. 
C)  macula densa. 
D)  efferent arteriole. 
E)  arcuate artery. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  renal artery. 
C)  macula densa. 
D)  efferent arteriole. 
E)  arcuate artery.

Question 13

Filtration slits is the name given to the

Accepted Answer

A)  points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B)  openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule. 
D)  basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E)  active transport channels. 
A)  points where the afferent arterioles enter the renal corpuscle. 
B)  openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries. 
C)  gaps between the podocyte processes in the visceral layer of Bowman's capsule. 
D)  basement membrane of the glomerular endothelium. 
E)  active transport channels.

Question 14

The kidneys produce renin when

Accepted Answer

A)  the urine becomes acidic. 
B)  the peritubular capillaries dilate. 
C)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
D)  sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases. 
E)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases. 
A)  the urine becomes acidic. 
B)  the peritubular capillaries dilate. 
C)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole decreases. 
D)  sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule increases. 
E)  the blood pressure in the afferent arteriole increases.

Question 15

A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased secretion 
B)  decreased secretion 
C)  no change in secretion 
A)  increased secretion 
B)  decreased secretion 
C)  no change in secretion

Question 16

The renal corpuscle connects to the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  renal convoluted tubule. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  renal convoluted tubule. 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 17

The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when

Accepted Answer

A)  colloid osmotic pressure increases. 
B)  ADH production increases. 
C)  plasma osmolality decreases. 
D)  aldosterone production decreases. 
E)  ADH production decreases. 
A)  colloid osmotic pressure increases. 
B)  ADH production increases. 
C)  plasma osmolality decreases. 
D)  aldosterone production decreases. 
E)  ADH production decreases.

Question 18

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)  is a potent vasodilator. 
B)  stimulates aldosterone secretion. 
C)  is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. 
D)  acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. 
E)  decreases blood pressure. 
A)  is a potent vasodilator. 
B)  stimulates aldosterone secretion. 
C)  is formed from angiotensin I by the action of renin. 
D)  acts on the collecting ducts to increase reabsorption of water. 
E)  decreases blood pressure.

Question 19

Urea is

Accepted Answer

A)  secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C)  completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D)  actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  secreted into the filtrate by cells of the distal convoluted tubule. 
B)  diffuse out of the collecting ducts into the interstitial fluid of the medulla and then diffuse into the descending loop of Henle. 
C)  completely reabsorbed by the nephron. 
D)  actively transported into the filtrate by cells of the collecting duct. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 20

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1) loop of Henle
(2) Bowman's capsule
(3) distal convoluted tubule
(4) proximal convoluted tubule

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  2, 4, 3, 1 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  3, 4, 1, 2

Exam 26: Urinary System

Tubular secretion occurs in which of the following structures?

Decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles results in

What muscle is responsible for contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition?

Which of the following statements is true?

Urine is carried from the kidneys to the urinary bladder by the

Consumption of alcohol increases urine production by

Renal blood flow per minute can be calculated if you know the clearance calculation for ____ as well as the person's hematocrit.

By the time filtrate reaches the tip of the loop of Henle, _____ of the filtrate volume has been reabsorbed.

The openings between the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries are called

Increased aldosterone causes increased

The ability of the kidney to concentrate urine depends on

An obstruction in the afferent arteriole would reduce the flow of blood into the

Filtration slits is the name given to the

The kidneys produce renin when

A 15% increase in blood pressure would result in which of the following changes in ADH secretion?

The renal corpuscle connects to the

The collecting duct becomes more permeable to water when

Angiotensin II

Urea is

Arrange the following in the sequence in which filtrate moves through them. (1) loop of Henle (2) Bowman's capsule (3) distal convoluted tubule (4) proximal convoluted tubule

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