Question 1

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing net filtration pressure. 
B)  increasing capsular pressure. 
C)  increasing glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  increasing net filtration pressure. 
B)  increasing capsular pressure. 
C)  increasing glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  increasing blood pressure in the afferent arteriole. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in kidney size 
B)  loss of nephrons 
C)  decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D)  a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis 
A)  decrease in kidney size 
B)  loss of nephrons 
C)  decreased response to hormonal control of urine volume 
D)  a marked decrease in the ability to maintain homeostasis

Question 3

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Accepted Answer

A)  is necessary for normal kidney metabolism. 
B)  causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney. 
C)  decreases renal flow. 
D)  increases filtration rate. 
E)  does not alter filtration rate. 
A)  is necessary for normal kidney metabolism. 
B)  causes the release of epinephrine from the kidney. 
C)  decreases renal flow. 
D)  increases filtration rate. 
E)  does not alter filtration rate.

Question 4

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  cotransport. 
C)  solvent drag. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  cotransport. 
C)  solvent drag. 
D)  osmosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing afferent arteriole constriction. 
B)  decreasing urine production. 
C)  decreasing renin secretion. 
D)  increasing aldosterone secretion. 
E)  increasing renin secretion 
A)  increasing afferent arteriole constriction. 
B)  decreasing urine production. 
C)  decreasing renin secretion. 
D)  increasing aldosterone secretion. 
E)  increasing renin secretion

Question 6

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

Accepted Answer

A)  transitional epithelium 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
D)  stratified columnar epithelium 
A)  transitional epithelium 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified columnar epithelium 
D)  stratified columnar epithelium

Question 7

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Accepted Answer

A)  the fundus 
B)  the trigone 
C)  the neck 
D)  transitional epithelium 
A)  the fundus 
B)  the trigone 
C)  the neck 
D)  transitional epithelium

Question 8

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  gravity. 
B)  a pressure gradient. 
C)  a concentration gradient. 
D)  peristaltic contractions. 
E)  osmotic gradient. 
A)  gravity. 
B)  a pressure gradient. 
C)  a concentration gradient. 
D)  peristaltic contractions. 
E)  osmotic gradient.

Question 9

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration pressure. 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney. 
E)  blood pressure. 
A)  filtration pressure. 
B)  capsular hydrostatic pressure. 
C)  glomerular capillary pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure of the medulla of the kidney. 
E)  blood pressure.

Question 10

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

Accepted Answer

A)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular lumen. 
B)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular cell. 
C)  sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell. 
D)  sodium ions are transported into the tubular lumen; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell. 
E)  sodium ions are transported out of the cell; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell. 
A)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular lumen. 
B)  both sodium ions and hydrogen ions are transported into the tubular cell. 
C)  sodium ions are transported into the cell; hydrogen ions are transported out of the cell. 
D)  sodium ions are transported into the tubular lumen; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell. 
E)  sodium ions are transported out of the cell; hydrogen ions are transported into the cell.

Question 11

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

Accepted Answer

A)  there is a double set of venules. 
B)  blood flows from arterioles into venules. 
C)  blood flows from venules into arterioles. 
D)  each nephron has at least two capillary networks. 
E)  the nephron is only associated with the glomerulus. 
A)  there is a double set of venules. 
B)  blood flows from arterioles into venules. 
C)  blood flows from venules into arterioles. 
D)  each nephron has at least two capillary networks. 
E)  the nephron is only associated with the glomerulus.

Question 12

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Accepted Answer

A)  will be actively secreted into the filtrate. 
B)  will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells. 
C)  will appear in the urine. 
D)  will not appear in the urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  will be actively secreted into the filtrate. 
B)  will be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells. 
C)  will appear in the urine. 
D)  will not appear in the urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 13

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  compression of the ureteral openings 
B)  the external urethral sphincter 
C)  the internal urethral sphincter 
D)  the ureteral sphincters 
E)  ureteral valves 
A)  compression of the ureteral openings 
B)  the external urethral sphincter 
C)  the internal urethral sphincter 
D)  the ureteral sphincters 
E)  ureteral valves

Question 14

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal fraction. 
B)  filtration fraction. 
C)  clearance fraction. 
D)  glomerular flow rate. 
E)  cardiac fraction. 
A)  renal fraction. 
B)  filtration fraction. 
C)  clearance fraction. 
D)  glomerular flow rate. 
E)  cardiac fraction.

Question 15

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg
Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg
Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

Accepted Answer

A)  110 mmHg 
B)  90 mmHg 
C)  50 mmHg 
D)  30 mmHg 
E)  20 mmHg 
A)  110 mmHg 
B)  90 mmHg 
C)  50 mmHg 
D)  30 mmHg 
E)  20 mmHg

Question 16

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased bladder capacity. 
B)  voluntary micturition. 
C)  continuous dribbling of urine. 
D)  uncontrollable micturition. 
E)  lack of control of internal sphincter. 
A)  increased bladder capacity. 
B)  voluntary micturition. 
C)  continuous dribbling of urine. 
D)  uncontrollable micturition. 
E)  lack of control of internal sphincter.

Question 17

The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

Accepted Answer

A)  is part of the filtration membrane. 
B)  is called endothelium. 
C)  contains podocytes. 
D)  is part of the filtration membrane and is called endothelium. 
E)  is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes. 
A)  is part of the filtration membrane. 
B)  is called endothelium. 
C)  contains podocytes. 
D)  is part of the filtration membrane and is called endothelium. 
E)  is part of the filtration membrane and contains podocytes.

Question 18

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B)  podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D)  juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E)  glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
A)  juxtaglomerular cells and the macula densa. 
B)  podocytes and juxtaglomerular cells. 
C)  the macula densa and the filtration membrane. 
D)  juxtaglomerular cells and the filtration membrane. 
E)  glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.

Question 19

Choose the term that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  macula densa 
C)  juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  afferent arteriole 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  macula densa 
C)  juxtaglomerular cells 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus 
E)  afferent arteriole

Question 20

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  urine storage 
B)  excretion of waste 
C)  maintenance of fluid balance 
D)  regulate synthesis of vitamin D 
E)  regulate synthesis of RBCs 
A)  urine storage 
B)  excretion of waste 
C)  maintenance of fluid balance 
D)  regulate synthesis of vitamin D 
E)  regulate synthesis of RBCs

Exam 26: Urinary System

Decreased blood colloid osmotic pressure affects renal function by

Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging on the kidneys?

Intense sympathetic stimulation of the kidney

Water reabsorption by the renal tubules uses

When macula densa cells experience increased Na+ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by

What type of tissue is responsible for the expansion of the urinary bladder during filling?

What part of the urinary bladder expands very little during bladder filling?

Urine flows through the ureters to the bladder as the result of

The movement of fluid into Bowman's capsule is opposed by

In the sodium-hydrogen antiport system,

One feature of renal blood circulation that makes it unique is that

If the tubular maximum for a particular amino acid is 200 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 100 mg/100 ml, the amino acid

Urine is prevented from flowing back into the ureters from the bladder by ________________.

The part of the cardiac output that passes through the kidneys is the

If the following hypothetical conditions exist in the nephron, calculate the net filtration pressure. glomerular capillary pressure = 80 mmHg Blood colloid osmotic pressure = 20 mmHg Capsular hydrostatic pressure = 10 mmHg

With aging, a loss of inhibitory action potentials to the sacral region of the spinal cord results in

The visceral layer of Bowman's capsule

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is composed of

Choose the term that does not belong.

Which of the following functions would not be performed by the kidney?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

When macula densa cells experience increased Na⁺ concentration in the filtrate, they respond by