Question 1

The tip of each renal pyramid is called

Accepted Answer

A)  a nephron. 
B)  a renal papilla. 
C)  a renal column. 
D)  a medullary ray. 
E)  the apex. 
A)  a nephron. 
B)  a renal papilla. 
C)  a renal column. 
D)  a medullary ray. 
E)  the apex.

Question 2

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH production. 
B)  insulin production. 
C)  aldosterone production. 
D)  angiotensin II production. 
E)  glucagon production. 
A)  ADH production. 
B)  insulin production. 
C)  aldosterone production. 
D)  angiotensin II production. 
E)  glucagon production.

Question 3

Atrial natriuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes the secretion of ADH. 
B)  is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
C)  causes the formation of concentrated urine. 
D)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases. 
E)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure decreases. 
A)  promotes the secretion of ADH. 
B)  is secreted by the posterior pituitary. 
C)  causes the formation of concentrated urine. 
D)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure increases. 
E)  is secreted when atrial blood pressure decreases.

Question 4

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

Accepted Answer

A)  incorporating aquaporin-3 channels into the apical membrane. 
B)  increasing the number of sodium transpot proteins in the membranes. 
C)  incorporating aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane. 
D)  decreasing the number of aquaporin-4 channels in the apical membrane. 
A)  incorporating aquaporin-3 channels into the apical membrane. 
B)  increasing the number of sodium transpot proteins in the membranes. 
C)  incorporating aquaporin-2 channels into the apical membrane. 
D)  decreasing the number of aquaporin-4 channels in the apical membrane.

Question 5

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

Accepted Answer

A)  constriction of afferent arterioles. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  ADH secretion. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  constriction of afferent arterioles. 
B)  sympathetic stimulation. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  ADH secretion. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 6

Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium ions. 
B)  chloride ions. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  sodium. 
A)  potassium ions. 
B)  chloride ions. 
C)  bicarbonate. 
D)  amino acids. 
E)  sodium.

Question 7

The renal corpuscle consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E)  afferent and efferent arteriole. 
A)  the renal pelvis and the renal tubules. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  Bowman's capsule and the renal pelvis. 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule and the glomerulus. 
E)  afferent and efferent arteriole.

Question 8

The vasa recta

Accepted Answer

A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B)  alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C)  collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D)  collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  surrounds the collecting duct. 
A)  supplies blood to the glomerulus. 
B)  alters the cortical solute gradient. 
C)  collects excess water and solutes from the medullary interstitial fluid. 
D)  collects water and solutes reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  surrounds the collecting duct.

Question 9

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  Bowman's capsule 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  loop of Henle 
C)  collecting duct 
D)  Bowman's capsule 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

The mechanism for concentration of urine is called the _____________ mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  countercurrent 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  reabsorption 
E)  concentration 
A)  countercurrent 
B)  filtration 
C)  secretion 
D)  reabsorption 
E)  concentration

Question 11

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  efferent arteriole. 
B)  wall of the right atrium. 
C)  proprioceptors. 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  efferent arteriole. 
B)  wall of the right atrium. 
C)  proprioceptors. 
D)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 12

Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the

Accepted Answer

A)  tip of the loop of Henle. 
B)  end of the collecting duct. 
C)  end of the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
A)  tip of the loop of Henle. 
B)  end of the collecting duct. 
C)  end of the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  end of the proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  beginning of the proximal convoluted tubule.

Question 13

What are the arteries which diverge from the interlobar arteries near the base of the renal pyramid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arcuate 
B)  Pertibular 
C)  Segmental 
D)  Renal 
E)  Interlobular 
A)  Arcuate 
B)  Pertibular 
C)  Segmental 
D)  Renal 
E)  Interlobular

Question 14

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  inulin. 
D)  protein. 
E)  ammonia. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  glucose. 
C)  inulin. 
D)  protein. 
E)  ammonia.

Question 15

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid 
C)  movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid 
D)  active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct 
E)  urea movement into the collecting duct 
A)  movement of urea from the distal convoluted tubule to the proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  urea movement from the collecting duct to medullary interstitial fluid 
C)  movement of water from the ascending limb into the medullary interstitial fluid 
D)  active transport of sodium and chloride from the medullary interstitial fluid into the collecting duct 
E)  urea movement into the collecting duct

Question 16

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute, estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

Accepted Answer

A)  45 liters 
B)  90 liters 
C)  125 liters 
D)  180 liters 
E)  200 liters 
A)  45 liters 
B)  90 liters 
C)  125 liters 
D)  180 liters 
E)  200 liters

Question 17

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by both the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
B)  collecting duct and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. 
E)  loop of Henle only. 
A)  proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
B)  collecting duct and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle. 
E)  loop of Henle only.

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only sodium diffuses from the descending limb. 
B)  Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb. 
C)  Na+ and Cl- ions are actively transported into the vasa recta. 
D)  The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through. 
E)  Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop. 
A)  Only sodium diffuses from the descending limb. 
B)  Solutes are actively transported from the ascending limb. 
C)  Na+ and Cl- ions are actively transported into the vasa recta. 
D)  The osmolality of the descending limb decreases as filtrate moves through. 
E)  Water moves by osmosis out of the ascending loop.

Question 19

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Accepted Answer

A)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate. 
B)  may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C)  is called urine. 
D)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate, may have lost up to 99% of its original waste, and is called urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate. 
B)  may have lost up to 99% of its original volume. 
C)  is called urine. 
D)  has a higher concentration of waste products (urea) than the original filtrate, may have lost up to 99% of its original waste, and is called urine. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 20

Formation of filtrate depends on a

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure gradient. 
B)  concentration gradient. 
C)  volume gradient. 
D)  temperature gradient. 
E)  osmotic gradient. 
A)  pressure gradient. 
B)  concentration gradient. 
C)  volume gradient. 
D)  temperature gradient. 
E)  osmotic gradient.

Exam 26: Urinary System

The tip of each renal pyramid is called

Diabetes insipidus is the result of decreased

Atrial natriuretic hormone

ADH increases the permeability of the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts by

Autoregulation in the kidney involves changes in the degree of

Which of the following are most likely to be actively secreted into the distal convoluted tubule?

The renal corpuscle consists of

The vasa recta

Which of the following structures is a capillary?

The mechanism for concentration of urine is called the _____________ mechanism.

Blood loss that occurs during surgery will stimulate cells in the

Glucose is usually completely reabsorbed from the filtrate by the time the filtrate has reached the

What are the arteries which diverge from the interlobar arteries near the base of the renal pyramid?

A substance that is useful for determining the plasma clearance rate of the kidney is

Which of the following would help maintain the medullary concentration gradient?

At the rate of 125 ml of filtrate/minute, estimate the amount of filtrate formed in 24 hours.

Hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate by both the

Which of the following statements is true?

The filtrate that drips from the renal papillae into the calyces

Formation of filtrate depends on a

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