Question 1

The greenish discharge from the lower digestive tract shortly after birth is called

Accepted Answer

A)  colostrum. 
B)  jaundice. 
C)  bile. 
D)  meconium. 
E)  prolactin. 
A)  colostrum. 
B)  jaundice. 
C)  bile. 
D)  meconium. 
E)  prolactin. D

Question 2

In fetal circulation, the blood containing the highest amount of oxygen is found in the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  umbilical vein. 
C)  ductus arteriosus. 
D)  umbilical arteries. 
E)  heart. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  umbilical vein. 
C)  ductus arteriosus. 
D)  umbilical arteries. 
E)  heart. B

Question 3

Which of the following events near the end of pregnancy might indicate parturition is near?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cervix gradually constricts. 
B)  The uterus begins regular contractions. 
C)  The amniotic sac becomes edematous. 
D)  The fetal heart rate increases to greater than 160 beats per minute. 
E)  The cervix shrinks. 
A)  The cervix gradually constricts. 
B)  The uterus begins regular contractions. 
C)  The amniotic sac becomes edematous. 
D)  The fetal heart rate increases to greater than 160 beats per minute. 
E)  The cervix shrinks. B

Question 4

The pleural and peritoneal cavities of the adult begin as part of the _____ cavity.

Accepted Answer

A)  cloacal 
B)  somatomeric 
C)  coelomic 
D)  apical 
E)  ventral 
A)  cloacal 
B)  somatomeric 
C)  coelomic 
D)  apical 
E)  ventral

Question 5

Most congenital birth defects are caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  inherited traits. 
B)  lack of oxygen to the fetus. 
C)  viral infections during pregnancy. 
D)  unknown causes. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  inherited traits. 
B)  lack of oxygen to the fetus. 
C)  viral infections during pregnancy. 
D)  unknown causes. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 6

The adult kidney develops from the

Accepted Answer

A)  pronephros. 
B)  metanephros. 
C)  mesonephros. 
D)  allantois. 
E)  neonephros. 
A)  pronephros. 
B)  metanephros. 
C)  mesonephros. 
D)  allantois. 
E)  neonephros.

Question 7

Some epiblast cells migrate and emerge between the epiblast and endoderm as a new germ layer called the

Accepted Answer

A)  yolk sac. 
B)  mesoglia. 
C)  notochord. 
D)  mesoderm. 
E)  primitive streak. 
A)  yolk sac. 
B)  mesoglia. 
C)  notochord. 
D)  mesoderm. 
E)  primitive streak.

Question 8

Autoimmune diseases such as arthritis become more common as people get older. "Autoimmune" means that the immune system

Accepted Answer

A)  no longer produces antibodies. 
B)  destroys the body's own tissues. 
C)  is incapable of initiating phagocytosis. 
D)  produces T cells but no B cells. 
E)  protects itself. 
A)  no longer produces antibodies. 
B)  destroys the body's own tissues. 
C)  is incapable of initiating phagocytosis. 
D)  produces T cells but no B cells. 
E)  protects itself.

Question 9

Gastrulation is the process of development that produces the

Accepted Answer

A)  placenta. 
B)  embryonic disk. 
C)  germ layers. 
D)  rudimentary organs. 
A)  placenta. 
B)  embryonic disk. 
C)  germ layers. 
D)  rudimentary organs.

Question 10

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Accepted Answer

A)  first stage of labor - baby exits vagina 
B)  second stage of labor - ends with cervix dilation to maximum 
C)  third stage of labor - placenta expelled from uterus 
A)  first stage of labor - baby exits vagina 
B)  second stage of labor - ends with cervix dilation to maximum 
C)  third stage of labor - placenta expelled from uterus

Question 11

Before parturition,

Accepted Answer

A)  the placenta secretes increased amounts of oxytocin. 
B)  the uterus stretches, causing the release of ACTH from the adenohypophysis. 
C)  there is an increase in the stimulatory effects of progesterone on the uterine muscle. 
D)  prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited. 
E)  fetal glucocorticoids decrease the production of progesterone by the placenta. 
A)  the placenta secretes increased amounts of oxytocin. 
B)  the uterus stretches, causing the release of ACTH from the adenohypophysis. 
C)  there is an increase in the stimulatory effects of progesterone on the uterine muscle. 
D)  prostaglandin synthesis is inhibited. 
E)  fetal glucocorticoids decrease the production of progesterone by the placenta.

Question 12

The clinical age of the unborn child is calculated from

Accepted Answer

A)  ovulation. 
B)  conception. 
C)  the last menstrual period. 
D)  fourteen days after the last menstrual period. 
E)  fourteen days before the last menstrual period. 
A)  ovulation. 
B)  conception. 
C)  the last menstrual period. 
D)  fourteen days after the last menstrual period. 
E)  fourteen days before the last menstrual period.

Question 13

Which of the following will cause contractions of uterine smooth muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing levels of progesterone 
B)  decreasing levels of estrogen 
C)  decreasing levels of oxytocin 
D)  decreasing uterine stretch 
E)  increasing levels of oxytocin 
A)  increasing levels of progesterone 
B)  decreasing levels of estrogen 
C)  decreasing levels of oxytocin 
D)  decreasing uterine stretch 
E)  increasing levels of oxytocin

Question 14

Many gerontologists refer to walking as one of the most important anti-aging activities to prolong life. This is because a daily 30-minute walk

Accepted Answer

A)  increases blood pressure. 
B)  improves circulation. 
C)  promotes anaerobic metabolism. 
D)  increases urine output. 
E)  increases peripheral resistance. 
A)  increases blood pressure. 
B)  improves circulation. 
C)  promotes anaerobic metabolism. 
D)  increases urine output. 
E)  increases peripheral resistance.

Question 15

Identify the hormone secreted during pregnancy that cause the ducts of the mammary glands to grow and branch when in high levels.

Accepted Answer

A)  Estrogen 
B)  Progesterone 
C)  Prolactin 
D)  Growth hormone 
A)  Estrogen 
B)  Progesterone 
C)  Prolactin 
D)  Growth hormone

Question 16

When more than one gene pair is involved in an inheritance pattern, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  structural gene. 
B)  autosome. 
C)  genotype. 
D)  polygenic. 
E)  y-linked. 
A)  structural gene. 
B)  autosome. 
C)  genotype. 
D)  polygenic. 
E)  y-linked.

Question 17

Fusion of the male and female pronuclei

Accepted Answer

A)  results in an oocyte forming. 
B)  restores the diploid number of chromosomes. 
C)  occurs before ovulation. 
D)  results in a haploid cell forming. 
E)  results in a total of 23 chromosomes. 
A)  results in an oocyte forming. 
B)  restores the diploid number of chromosomes. 
C)  occurs before ovulation. 
D)  results in a haploid cell forming. 
E)  results in a total of 23 chromosomes.

Question 18

An embryonic cell that contains the potential to give rise to any tissue type is called a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiated cell. 
B)  multipotent cell. 
C)  pluripotent cell. 
D)  omnipotent cell. 
E)  totipotent cell. 
A)  differentiated cell. 
B)  multipotent cell. 
C)  pluripotent cell. 
D)  omnipotent cell. 
E)  totipotent cell.

Question 19

The olfactory bulbs and nerves develop as an evagination from the

Accepted Answer

A)  myelencephalon. 
B)  mesencephalon. 
C)  neural crest cells. 
D)  diencephalon. 
E)  telencephalon. 
A)  myelencephalon. 
B)  mesencephalon. 
C)  neural crest cells. 
D)  diencephalon. 
E)  telencephalon.

Question 20

At the time of implantation, the human embryo is in a stage of development known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  fetus. 
B)  zygote. 
C)  morula. 
D)  blastocyst. 
E)  egg. 
A)  fetus. 
B)  zygote. 
C)  morula. 
D)  blastocyst. 
E)  egg.

Exam 29: Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

The greenish discharge from the lower digestive tract shortly after birth is called

In fetal circulation, the blood containing the highest amount of oxygen is found in the

Which of the following events near the end of pregnancy might indicate parturition is near?

The pleural and peritoneal cavities of the adult begin as part of the _____ cavity.

Most congenital birth defects are caused by

The adult kidney develops from the

Some epiblast cells migrate and emerge between the epiblast and endoderm as a new germ layer called the

Autoimmune diseases such as arthritis become more common as people get older. "Autoimmune" means that the immune system

Gastrulation is the process of development that produces the

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Before parturition,

The clinical age of the unborn child is calculated from

Which of the following will cause contractions of uterine smooth muscle?

Many gerontologists refer to walking as one of the most important anti-aging activities to prolong life. This is because a daily 30-minute walk

Identify the hormone secreted during pregnancy that cause the ducts of the mammary glands to grow and branch when in high levels.

When more than one gene pair is involved in an inheritance pattern, it is called

Fusion of the male and female pronuclei

An embryonic cell that contains the potential to give rise to any tissue type is called a/an

The olfactory bulbs and nerves develop as an evagination from the

At the time of implantation, the human embryo is in a stage of development known as the

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

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