Question 1

Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall?

Accepted Answer

A)  epicardium 
B)  pericardium 
C)  endocardium 
D)  myocardium 
E)  visceral pericardium 
A)  epicardium 
B)  pericardium 
C)  endocardium 
D)  myocardium 
E)  visceral pericardium D

Question 2

What is the foramen ovale?

Accepted Answer

A)  An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus. 
B)  An opening between the right and left ventricles in the embryo and fetus. 
C)  An oval hole in the pericardium in the embryo and fetus. 
D)  An opening between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in the embryo and fetus. 
A)  An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus. 
B)  An opening between the right and left ventricles in the embryo and fetus. 
C)  An oval hole in the pericardium in the embryo and fetus. 
D)  An opening between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in the embryo and fetus. A

Question 3

The period of time in which the myocardium is insensitive to further stimulation is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  absolute refractory period. 
B)  hyperpolarization period. 
C)  AV period. 
D)  SA period. 
E)  ectopic focus. 
A)  absolute refractory period. 
B)  hyperpolarization period. 
C)  AV period. 
D)  SA period. 
E)  ectopic focus. A

Question 4

Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels are primarily located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  carotid arteries. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  jugular veins. 
A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  carotid arteries. 
C)  right atrium. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  jugular veins.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true about the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  The heart is about the size of a closed fist. 
B)  The heart is located in the mediastinum. 
C)  The apex of the heart is directed superiorly and to the left. 
D)  Knowing the heart's position is important for effective CPR. 
A)  The heart is about the size of a closed fist. 
B)  The heart is located in the mediastinum. 
C)  The apex of the heart is directed superiorly and to the left. 
D)  Knowing the heart's position is important for effective CPR.

Question 6

The spontaneous opening of sodium channels marks the beginning of ____ of a myocardial cell.

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  hyperpolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  afterpolarization 
A)  depolarization 
B)  repolarization 
C)  hyperpolarization 
D)  isopolarization 
E)  afterpolarization

Question 7

Within normal limits, an increase in preload leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
B)  a decrease in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
C)  an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in force of left ventricular contraction. 
D)  a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in the force of left ventricular contraction. 
E)  a decrease in stroke volume and heart rate. 
A)  an increase in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
B)  a decrease in cardiac output and force of left ventricular contraction. 
C)  an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in force of left ventricular contraction. 
D)  a decrease in cardiac output and an increase in the force of left ventricular contraction. 
E)  a decrease in stroke volume and heart rate.

Question 8

The epicardium

Accepted Answer

A)  covers the surface of the heart. 
B)  lines the walls of the ventricles. 
C)  is known as the fibrous pericardium. 
D)  attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm. 
E)  is also called endocardium. 
A)  covers the surface of the heart. 
B)  lines the walls of the ventricles. 
C)  is known as the fibrous pericardium. 
D)  attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm. 
E)  is also called endocardium.

Question 9

Which of the following phrases would apply to cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  are organized in parallel columns or bundles 
B)  contain actin but no myosin 
C)  develop a significant oxygen debt during systole 
D)  are multinucleated like skeletal muscle cells 
E)  possess special cell-to-cell contacts called intercalated discs 
A)  are organized in parallel columns or bundles 
B)  contain actin but no myosin 
C)  develop a significant oxygen debt during systole 
D)  are multinucleated like skeletal muscle cells 
E)  possess special cell-to-cell contacts called intercalated discs

Question 10

During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle,

Accepted Answer

A)  AV and semilunar valves are closed. 
B)  the atria are contracted. 
C)  ventricular volume increases. 
D)  blood is pumped into the large arteries. 
E)  pressure in the ventricles decreases. 
A)  AV and semilunar valves are closed. 
B)  the atria are contracted. 
C)  ventricular volume increases. 
D)  blood is pumped into the large arteries. 
E)  pressure in the ventricles decreases.

Question 11

During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, blood exits the left ventricle through the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  coronary sinus. 
C)  pulmonary vein. 
D)  superior vena cava. 
E)  pulmonary trunk. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  coronary sinus. 
C)  pulmonary vein. 
D)  superior vena cava. 
E)  pulmonary trunk.

Question 12

Which vessels transport blood to the right and left lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta 
B)  right atrium 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  pulmonary arteries 
E)  pulmonary veins 
A)  aorta 
B)  right atrium 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  pulmonary arteries 
E)  pulmonary veins

Question 13

Calcium channel blockers are frequently used to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the heart rate. 
B)  treat tachycardia or other arrhythmias. 
C)  speed up conduction of impulses through the AV node. 
D)  slow the closing of potassium ion channels. 
E)  treat bradycardia and low blood pressure. 
A)  increase the heart rate. 
B)  treat tachycardia or other arrhythmias. 
C)  speed up conduction of impulses through the AV node. 
D)  slow the closing of potassium ion channels. 
E)  treat bradycardia and low blood pressure.

Question 14

All cardiac veins empty into the _________, which then empties into the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  coronary sinus; left atrium 
B)  coronary sinus; right atrium 
C)  great cardiac vein; right atrium 
D)  great cardiac vein; superior vena cava 
E)  inferior vena cava; left atrium 
A)  coronary sinus; left atrium 
B)  coronary sinus; right atrium 
C)  great cardiac vein; right atrium 
D)  great cardiac vein; superior vena cava 
E)  inferior vena cava; left atrium

Question 15

Which of the following would result from a reduced function of the sodium channels in the SA node?

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization would be delayed 
B)  the heart rate would decrease 
C)  repolarization would not occur 
D)  a shortened plateau phase 
E)  depolarization would be delayed and the heart rate would decrease 
A)  depolarization would be delayed 
B)  the heart rate would decrease 
C)  repolarization would not occur 
D)  a shortened plateau phase 
E)  depolarization would be delayed and the heart rate would decrease

Question 16

A direct connection between arteries is called a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  auricle. 
B)  sulcus. 
C)  sinus. 
D)  anastamosis. 
A)  auricle. 
B)  sulcus. 
C)  sinus. 
D)  anastamosis.

Question 17

Calcium-induced calcium release occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum stimulates the movement of calcium into the cell through the plasma membrane. 
B)  calcium is released from both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the cardiac muscle cell. 
C)  the eflux of calcium from the cell results in depolarization. 
D)  calcium entering through the plasma membrane stimulates release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum stimulates the movement of calcium into the cell through the plasma membrane. 
B)  calcium is released from both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and the cardiac muscle cell. 
C)  the eflux of calcium from the cell results in depolarization. 
D)  calcium entering through the plasma membrane stimulates release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Question 18

The baroreceptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  increased heart rate 
C)  increased cardiac output 
D)  increased force of contraction 
E)  increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
A)  increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B)  increased heart rate 
C)  increased cardiac output 
D)  increased force of contraction 
E)  increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Question 19

The right side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps through _________ circulation to the lungs.

Accepted Answer

A)  hepatic 
B)  pulmonary 
C)  peripheral 
D)  systemic 
A)  hepatic 
B)  pulmonary 
C)  peripheral 
D)  systemic

Question 20

Ventricular contraction begins at the

Accepted Answer

A)  AV bundle. 
B)  apex of the heart. 
C)  base of the heart. 
D)  superior portion of the interventricular septum. 
E)  top of the ventricles. 
A)  AV bundle. 
B)  apex of the heart. 
C)  base of the heart. 
D)  superior portion of the interventricular septum. 
E)  top of the ventricles.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall?

What is the foramen ovale?

The period of time in which the myocardium is insensitive to further stimulation is called the

Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels are primarily located in the

Which of the following is NOT true about the heart?

The spontaneous opening of sodium channels marks the beginning of ____ of a myocardial cell.

Within normal limits, an increase in preload leads to

The epicardium

Which of the following phrases would apply to cardiac muscle cells?

During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle,

During the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle, blood exits the left ventricle through the

Which vessels transport blood to the right and left lungs?

Calcium channel blockers are frequently used to

All cardiac veins empty into the _________, which then empties into the _______.

Which of the following would result from a reduced function of the sodium channels in the SA node?

A direct connection between arteries is called a/an

Calcium-induced calcium release occurs when

The baroreceptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?

The right side of the heart receives blood from the body and pumps through _________ circulation to the lungs.

Ventricular contraction begins at the

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All cardiac veins empty into the ___, which then empties into the _.