Question 1

The tricuspid valve is closed

Accepted Answer

A)  during active filling of the ventricles. 
B)  when the mitral valve is open. 
C)  while the atria are contracting. 
D)  during ejection. 
E)  during passive filling of the ventricles. 
A)  during active filling of the ventricles. 
B)  when the mitral valve is open. 
C)  while the atria are contracting. 
D)  during ejection. 
E)  during passive filling of the ventricles.

Question 2

The great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein empty into a venous cavity called the

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary vein. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  superior vena cava. 
D)  coronary sinus. 
E)  coronary artery. 
A)  pulmonary vein. 
B)  inferior vena cava. 
C)  superior vena cava. 
D)  coronary sinus. 
E)  coronary artery.

Question 3

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

Accepted Answer

A)  the permeability to K+ ions increases. 
B)  many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C)  voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D)  RMP has been restored. 
E)  permeability of the cell does not change. 
A)  the permeability to K+ ions increases. 
B)  many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C)  voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D)  RMP has been restored. 
E)  permeability of the cell does not change.

Question 4

Blood flow through the coronary blood vessels decreases during myocardial contraction and increases during myocardial relaxation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Mean arterial pressure is

Accepted Answer

A)  cardiac output times peripheral resistance. 
B)  end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume. 
C)  maximum cardiac output minus cardiac output when at rest. 
D)  heart rate times stroke volume. 
E)  stroke volume times peripheral resistance. 
A)  cardiac output times peripheral resistance. 
B)  end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume. 
C)  maximum cardiac output minus cardiac output when at rest. 
D)  heart rate times stroke volume. 
E)  stroke volume times peripheral resistance.

Question 6

Pressure in the right ventricle must exceed pressure in the ____ before the right ventricle can eject blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  superior vena cava 
B)  coronary sinus 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  aorta 
E)  pulmonary veins. 
A)  superior vena cava 
B)  coronary sinus 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  aorta 
E)  pulmonary veins.

Question 7

What must occur during exercise to ensure adequate oxygen delivery to cardiac muscle?

Accepted Answer

A)  There must be increased oxygen release to cardiac muscle 
B)  There must be decreased oxygen content to skeletal muscle 
C)  There must be a decreased heart rate 
D)  There must be increased coronary blood flow 
A)  There must be increased oxygen release to cardiac muscle 
B)  There must be decreased oxygen content to skeletal muscle 
C)  There must be a decreased heart rate 
D)  There must be increased coronary blood flow

Question 8

The inner lining of the pericardial cavity is the ____________ pericardium, whereas the outer part of the heart wall is called the epicardium or the _______________ pericardium.

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrous; parietal 
B)  visceral; fibrous 
C)  parietal; visceral 
D)  visceral; parietal 
E)  fibrous; visceral 
A)  fibrous; parietal 
B)  visceral; fibrous 
C)  parietal; visceral 
D)  visceral; parietal 
E)  fibrous; visceral

Question 9

If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will

Accepted Answer

A)  increase its rate and force of contraction. 
B)  contract with greater force but at a slower rate. 
C)  decrease both its rate and force of contraction. 
D)  contract with less force but at a faster rate. 
E)  decrease rate, but increase force of contraction. 
A)  increase its rate and force of contraction. 
B)  contract with greater force but at a slower rate. 
C)  decrease both its rate and force of contraction. 
D)  contract with less force but at a faster rate. 
E)  decrease rate, but increase force of contraction.

Question 10

When left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure,

Accepted Answer

A)  left ventricular ejection begins. 
B)  aortic blood pressure begins to rise. 
C)  the bicuspid (mitral) valve opens. 
D)  ventricular volume decreases. 
E)  the tricuspid valve opens. 
A)  left ventricular ejection begins. 
B)  aortic blood pressure begins to rise. 
C)  the bicuspid (mitral) valve opens. 
D)  ventricular volume decreases. 
E)  the tricuspid valve opens.

Question 11

The first and second heart sounds are most directly related to

Accepted Answer

A)  pulse pressure in the aorta. 
B)  the contraction of the atria. 
C)  vibrations that occur when the valves close. 
D)  contraction of the papillary muscles. 
E)  the flow of the blood. 
A)  pulse pressure in the aorta. 
B)  the contraction of the atria. 
C)  vibrations that occur when the valves close. 
D)  contraction of the papillary muscles. 
E)  the flow of the blood.

Question 12

What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  bradycardia 
B)  atrial fibrillation 
C)  second-degree AV node block 
D)  tachycardia 
A)  bradycardia 
B)  atrial fibrillation 
C)  second-degree AV node block 
D)  tachycardia

Question 13

Afterload is

Accepted Answer

A)  the name given to an increase in end-diastolic volume. 
B)  the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood. 
C)  the amount cardiac output must increase during exercise. 
D)  another name for venous return. 
E)  the extent to which ventricular walls are stretched. 
A)  the name given to an increase in end-diastolic volume. 
B)  the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood. 
C)  the amount cardiac output must increase during exercise. 
D)  another name for venous return. 
E)  the extent to which ventricular walls are stretched.

Question 14

What action is most responsible for the resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels 
B)  movement of Na+ through open Na+ channels 
C)  movement of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  closing of Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels 
A)  movement of K+ through voltage-gated K+ channels 
B)  movement of Na+ through open Na+ channels 
C)  movement of Ca2+ through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. 
D)  closing of Na+ and K+ voltage-gated channels

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the heart skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles. 
B)  Supplies support and reinforcement for the valves. 
C)  Provides a rigid site for cardiac muscle attachment. 
D)  All of the choices are functions of the heart skeleton. 
A)  Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles. 
B)  Supplies support and reinforcement for the valves. 
C)  Provides a rigid site for cardiac muscle attachment. 
D)  All of the choices are functions of the heart skeleton.

Question 16

Aortic stenosis results from

Accepted Answer

A)  a hole in the interatrial septum. 
B)  a weakening of heart muscle. 
C)  a narrowed opening through the aortic valve. 
D)  low oxygen levels. 
E)  leakage from the AV valves. 
A)  a hole in the interatrial septum. 
B)  a weakening of heart muscle. 
C)  a narrowed opening through the aortic valve. 
D)  low oxygen levels. 
E)  leakage from the AV valves.

Question 17

The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is the

Accepted Answer

A)  stroke volume. 
B)  cardiac output. 
C)  cardiac reserve. 
D)  end-systolic volume. 
E)  end-diastolic volume. 
A)  stroke volume. 
B)  cardiac output. 
C)  cardiac reserve. 
D)  end-systolic volume. 
E)  end-diastolic volume.

Question 18

When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure, the

Accepted Answer

A)  ejection occurs. 
B)  atria pump blood into the ventricles. 
C)  ventricle is in diastole. 
D)  blood is pumped into the atrium. 
E)  AV valves close. 
A)  ejection occurs. 
B)  atria pump blood into the ventricles. 
C)  ventricle is in diastole. 
D)  blood is pumped into the atrium. 
E)  AV valves close.

Question 19

An incompetent mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  left ventricle. 
D)  coronary circulation. 
E)  right atrium. 
A)  aorta. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  left ventricle. 
D)  coronary circulation. 
E)  right atrium.

Question 20

The dicrotic notch in the aortic pressure curve is due to the

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in intraventricular pressure during ejection. 
B)  backflow of blood toward the ventricles. 
C)  closure of the left AV valve. 
D)  elasticity of the arterial wall. 
E)  closure of the semilunar valves. 
A)  increase in intraventricular pressure during ejection. 
B)  backflow of blood toward the ventricles. 
C)  closure of the left AV valve. 
D)  elasticity of the arterial wall. 
E)  closure of the semilunar valves.

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The tricuspid valve is closed

The great cardiac vein and middle cardiac vein empty into a venous cavity called the

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

Blood flow through the coronary blood vessels decreases during myocardial contraction and increases during myocardial relaxation.

Mean arterial pressure is

Pressure in the right ventricle must exceed pressure in the ____ before the right ventricle can eject blood.

What must occur during exercise to ensure adequate oxygen delivery to cardiac muscle?

The inner lining of the pericardial cavity is the ____________ pericardium, whereas the outer part of the heart wall is called the epicardium or the _______________ pericardium.

If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will

When left atrial pressure exceeds left ventricular pressure,

The first and second heart sounds are most directly related to

What abnormal heart rhythm could be caused by an elevated body temperature, excessive sympathetic stimulation, or toxic conditions?

Afterload is

What action is most responsible for the resting membrane potential in cardiac muscle cells?

Which of the following is a function of the heart skeleton?

Aortic stenosis results from

The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is the

When ventricular pressure exceeds atrial pressure, the

An incompetent mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the

The dicrotic notch in the aortic pressure curve is due to the

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The inner lining of the pericardial cavity is the pericardium, whereas the outer part of the heart wall is called the epicardium or the ___ pericardium.