Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding intrinsic regulation of the heart is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stretching the SA node will decrease generation of action potentials in the node. 
B)  Decreased venous return increases cardiac output. 
C)  The heart's pumping effectiveness is greatly influenced by small changes in afterload. 
D)  If cardiac muscle fibers are slightly stretched, they have a stronger contraction force. 
E)  If cardiac muscle fibers are slightly stretched, they have a weaker contraction force. 
A)  Stretching the SA node will decrease generation of action potentials in the node. 
B)  Decreased venous return increases cardiac output. 
C)  The heart's pumping effectiveness is greatly influenced by small changes in afterload. 
D)  If cardiac muscle fibers are slightly stretched, they have a stronger contraction force. 
E)  If cardiac muscle fibers are slightly stretched, they have a weaker contraction force.

Question 2

Identify the structures that contribute to the slow onset of contraction and prolonged contraction phase in cardiac muscle tissue.

Accepted Answer

A)  Desmosomes 
B)  Gap junctions 
C)  Intercalated discs 
D)  T-tubules 
E)  Terminal cisternae 
A)  Desmosomes 
B)  Gap junctions 
C)  Intercalated discs 
D)  T-tubules 
E)  Terminal cisternae

Question 3

The adult heart averages ___________ grams.

Accepted Answer

A)  100-200 
B)  50-100 
C)  250-300 
D)  400-500 
A)  100-200 
B)  50-100 
C)  250-300 
D)  400-500

Question 4

Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the

Accepted Answer

A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  right ventricle. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  coronary sinus. 
A)  right atrium. 
B)  left atrium. 
C)  right ventricle. 
D)  left ventricle. 
E)  coronary sinus.

Question 5

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium. 
B)  the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels. 
C)  the closure of voltage-gated calcium channels. 
D)  the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels. 
E)  the closure of the voltage-gated sodium channels. 
A)  a decrease in the permeability of the cell membrane to sodium. 
B)  the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels and voltage-gated calcium channels. 
C)  the closure of voltage-gated calcium channels. 
D)  the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels. 
E)  the closure of the voltage-gated sodium channels.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme given to someone experiencing a myocardial infarction to break up blood clots?

Accepted Answer

A)  streptokinase 
B)  tissue plasminogen activator (t-Pa) 
C)  nitroglycerin 
D)  urokinase 
A)  streptokinase 
B)  tissue plasminogen activator (t-Pa) 
C)  nitroglycerin 
D)  urokinase

Question 7

Action potentials pass from one myocardial cell to another through areas of low electrical resistance called

Accepted Answer

A)  gap junctions. 
B)  fibrous heart rings. 
C)  electromagnetic discs. 
D)  sarcolemma sclerotic plaques. 
E)  tight junctions. 
A)  gap junctions. 
B)  fibrous heart rings. 
C)  electromagnetic discs. 
D)  sarcolemma sclerotic plaques. 
E)  tight junctions.

Question 8

The pericardial sac is lined with

Accepted Answer

A)  fibrous pericardium. 
B)  parietal pericardium. 
C)  visceral pericardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  epicardium. 
A)  fibrous pericardium. 
B)  parietal pericardium. 
C)  visceral pericardium. 
D)  myocardium. 
E)  epicardium.

Question 9

What occurs during the time between the first heart sound and the second heart sound?

Accepted Answer

A)  ventricular systole 
B)  ventricular diastole 
C)  ventricular filling 
D)  atrial systole 
E)  the P wave of the ECG 
A)  ventricular systole 
B)  ventricular diastole 
C)  ventricular filling 
D)  atrial systole 
E)  the P wave of the ECG

Question 10

Why is it important to use an antibiotic other than ampicillin in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin destroy the cell walls of cardiac muscle cells. 
B)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin cause the cells lining blood vessels to endocytose bacteria and deposit them in cardiac muscle tissue. 
C)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin are not effective in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. 
D)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin destroy the cell walls of bacteria which cause a toxin to be released that will destroy cardiac muscle cells. 
A)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin destroy the cell walls of cardiac muscle cells. 
B)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin cause the cells lining blood vessels to endocytose bacteria and deposit them in cardiac muscle tissue. 
C)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin are not effective in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia. 
D)  Because antibiotics, such as ampicillin destroy the cell walls of bacteria which cause a toxin to be released that will destroy cardiac muscle cells.

Question 11

Lowered extracellular potassium levels will lower the heart rate because

Accepted Answer

A)  the resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized. 
B)  ectopic action potentials occur. 
C)  action potential amplitude declines. 
D)  more sodium channels open. 
E)  it blocks calcium channels. 
A)  the resting membrane potential is hyperpolarized. 
B)  ectopic action potentials occur. 
C)  action potential amplitude declines. 
D)  more sodium channels open. 
E)  it blocks calcium channels.

Question 12

Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  stopping smoking 
B)  exercise 
C)  maintaining normal cholesterol levels 
D)  chronic stress 
E)  lots of fiber in the diet 
A)  stopping smoking 
B)  exercise 
C)  maintaining normal cholesterol levels 
D)  chronic stress 
E)  lots of fiber in the diet

Question 13

Cardiac muscle cells

Accepted Answer

A)  have smooth ER but no T tubules. 
B)  form the heart valves. 
C)  are maintained by an extensive capillary network. 
D)  develop a significant oxygen debt during systole. 
E)  do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle cells. 
A)  have smooth ER but no T tubules. 
B)  form the heart valves. 
C)  are maintained by an extensive capillary network. 
D)  develop a significant oxygen debt during systole. 
E)  do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle cells.

Question 14

Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic respiration in the mitochondria. 
B)  anaerobic respiration in the cytosol. 
C)  glycolysis in the cytosol. 
D)  ATP that is stored while the heart is not contracting. 
E)  creatine phosphate. 
A)  aerobic respiration in the mitochondria. 
B)  anaerobic respiration in the cytosol. 
C)  glycolysis in the cytosol. 
D)  ATP that is stored while the heart is not contracting. 
E)  creatine phosphate.

Question 15

The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the

Accepted Answer

A)  aortic semilunar valve. 
B)  pulmonary semilunar valve. 
C)  tricuspid valve. 
D)  mitral valve. 
E)  bicuspid valve. 
A)  aortic semilunar valve. 
B)  pulmonary semilunar valve. 
C)  tricuspid valve. 
D)  mitral valve. 
E)  bicuspid valve.

Question 16

The procedure whereby a small balloon is placed into a partially occluded coronary artery and then inflated to increase blood flow through the artery is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  angioplasty. 
B)  coronary bypass. 
C)  urokinase injection. 
D)  tissue plasminogen activation. 
E)  angiogram. 
A)  angioplasty. 
B)  coronary bypass. 
C)  urokinase injection. 
D)  tissue plasminogen activation. 
E)  angiogram.

Question 17

Of the types of damage resulting from a myocardial infarction, which is most likely to cause the greatest increase in the Q-T interval?

Accepted Answer

A)  infarction in the AV node 
B)  left bundle branch block 
C)  infarction affecting the SA node 
D)  tachycardia 
E)  ectopic focus 
A)  infarction in the AV node 
B)  left bundle branch block 
C)  infarction affecting the SA node 
D)  tachycardia 
E)  ectopic focus

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  pulmonary vein 
B)  inferior vena cava 
C)  superior vena cava 
D)  coronary sinus 
A)  pulmonary vein 
B)  inferior vena cava 
C)  superior vena cava 
D)  coronary sinus

Question 19

The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle

Accepted Answer

A)  prolongs depolarization of the cardiac muscle. 
B)  prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle. 
C)  ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract. 
D)  prevents the heart rate from slowing down. 
E)  prevents an increase in heart rate. 
A)  prolongs depolarization of the cardiac muscle. 
B)  prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle. 
C)  ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract. 
D)  prevents the heart rate from slowing down. 
E)  prevents an increase in heart rate.

Question 20

Which vessels empty blood into the left atrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta 
B)  right atrium 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  pulmonary arteries 
E)  pulmonary veins 
A)  aorta 
B)  right atrium 
C)  pulmonary trunk 
D)  pulmonary arteries 
E)  pulmonary veins

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Which of the following statements regarding intrinsic regulation of the heart is true?

Identify the structures that contribute to the slow onset of contraction and prolonged contraction phase in cardiac muscle tissue.

The adult heart averages ___________ grams.

Blood in the pulmonary veins returns to the

Depolarization of a cardiac muscle cell occurs as the result of

Which of the following is NOT an enzyme given to someone experiencing a myocardial infarction to break up blood clots?

Action potentials pass from one myocardial cell to another through areas of low electrical resistance called

The pericardial sac is lined with

What occurs during the time between the first heart sound and the second heart sound?

Why is it important to use an antibiotic other than ampicillin in the treatment of bacterial pneumonia?

Lowered extracellular potassium levels will lower the heart rate because

Which of the following might increase the risk for cardiovascular disease?

Cardiac muscle cells

Energy for contraction of myocardial cells comes primarily from

The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the

The procedure whereby a small balloon is placed into a partially occluded coronary artery and then inflated to increase blood flow through the artery is called a(n)

Of the types of damage resulting from a myocardial infarction, which is most likely to cause the greatest increase in the Q-T interval?

Which of the following is NOT a major opening into the right atrium?

The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle

Which vessels empty blood into the left atrium?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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