Question 1

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Accepted Answer

A)  blood osmolality. 
B)  aldosterone production. 
C)  blood pressure in atria of heart. 
D)  blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles. 
E)  blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart. 
A)  blood osmolality. 
B)  aldosterone production. 
C)  blood pressure in atria of heart. 
D)  blood pressure in kidney's afferent arterioles. 
E)  blood pressure in the ventricles of the heart. C

Question 2

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease the hematocrit. 
B)  decrease ADH production. 
C)  increase the blood pressure. 
D)  increase the osmolality of body fluids. 
E)  decrease the osmolality of body fluids. 
A)  decrease the hematocrit. 
B)  decrease ADH production. 
C)  increase the blood pressure. 
D)  increase the osmolality of body fluids. 
E)  decrease the osmolality of body fluids. D

Question 3

Extracellular fluid has a

Accepted Answer

A)  higher protein content than intracellular fluid. 
B)  higher potassium content than intracellular fluid. 
C)  higher sodium content than intracellular fluid. 
D)  higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid 
E)  higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid. 
A)  higher protein content than intracellular fluid. 
B)  higher potassium content than intracellular fluid. 
C)  higher sodium content than intracellular fluid. 
D)  higher magnesium content than intracellular fluid 
E)  higher number of large organic molecules than intracellular fluid. C

Question 4

Which of the following events occurs last?

Accepted Answer

A)  release of renin by the kidney 
B)  release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex 
C)  sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules 
D)  angiotensinogen $\rightarrow$ angiotensin I 
E)  angiotensin I $\rightarrow$ angiotensin II 
A)  release of renin by the kidney 
B)  release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex 
C)  sodium reabsorption by the kidney tubules 
D)  angiotensinogen $\rightarrow$ angiotensin I 
E)  angiotensin I $\rightarrow$ angiotensin II

Question 5

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in respiration rate 
B)  a decrease in respiration rate 
C)  no change in respiration rate 
A)  an increase in respiration rate 
B)  a decrease in respiration rate 
C)  no change in respiration rate

Question 6

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in urine volume 
B)  an increase in urine osmolality 
C)  an increase in ADH production 
D)  increased aldosterone secretion 
E)  a decrease in urine volume 
A)  an increase in urine volume 
B)  an increase in urine osmolality 
C)  an increase in ADH production 
D)  increased aldosterone secretion 
E)  a decrease in urine volume

Question 7

Hyperventilation of the lungs can lead to ______________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis 
E)  Respiratory shock 
A)  Respiratory acidosis 
B)  Respiratory alkalosis 
C)  Metabolic acidosis 
D)  Metabolic alkalosis 
E)  Respiratory shock

Question 8

What hormone regulates potassium levels, and how does it work?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aldosterone; increases secretion of potassium 
B)  Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of potassium 
C)  ADH; increases secretion of potassium 
D)  ADH; increases reabsorption of potassium 
E)  ANH; increases reabsorption of potassium 
A)  Aldosterone; increases secretion of potassium 
B)  Aldosterone; increases reabsorption of potassium 
C)  ADH; increases secretion of potassium 
D)  ADH; increases reabsorption of potassium 
E)  ANH; increases reabsorption of potassium

Question 9

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Accepted Answer

A)  removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma. 
B)  releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma. 
C)  dissociating into H+ and CO3-. 
D)  combining with chloride ions. 
E)  combining with hemoglobin. 
A)  removing excess hydrogen ions from the plasma. 
B)  releasing hydrogen ions into the plasma. 
C)  dissociating into H+ and CO3-. 
D)  combining with chloride ions. 
E)  combining with hemoglobin.

Question 10

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Accepted Answer

A)  bones, heart, and blood. 
B)  kidney, liver, and spleen. 
C)  intestine, kidneys, and bone. 
D)  liver, stomach, and small intestine. 
E)  stomach, pancreas, and bone. 
A)  bones, heart, and blood. 
B)  kidney, liver, and spleen. 
C)  intestine, kidneys, and bone. 
D)  liver, stomach, and small intestine. 
E)  stomach, pancreas, and bone.

Question 11

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased respiratory rate 
B)  a plasma pH less than 7.40 
C)  retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
D)  increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions 
E)  secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
A)  increased respiratory rate 
B)  a plasma pH less than 7.40 
C)  retention of hydrogen ions by the kidney 
D)  increased renal reabsorption of bicarbonate ions 
E)  secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidney

Question 12

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen 
B)  potassium 
C)  sodium 
D)  phosphate 
E)  glucose 
A)  hydrogen 
B)  potassium 
C)  sodium 
D)  phosphate 
E)  glucose

Question 13

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ___________ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium ___________ in the kidney tubules.

Accepted Answer

A)  osteoclast; reabsorption 
B)  osteoblast; reabsorption 
C)  osteocyte; reabsorption 
D)  osteocyte; secretion 
E)  osteoblast; secretion 
A)  osteoclast; reabsorption 
B)  osteoblast; reabsorption 
C)  osteocyte; reabsorption 
D)  osteocyte; secretion 
E)  osteoblast; secretion

Question 14

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine output 
B)  an increased release of ADH 
C)  an increase in renin production 
D)  an increase in the secretion of aldosterone 
E)  a decreased release of ADH 
A)  increased urine output 
B)  an increased release of ADH 
C)  an increase in renin production 
D)  an increase in the secretion of aldosterone 
E)  a decreased release of ADH

Question 15

Azetazolamide (Diamox) is a diuretic. It functions by blocking the activity of carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This slows the formation of carbonic acid. By slowing the formation of hydrogen ions in the cells of the tubule, sodium reabsorption is also slowed. This results in the diuretic effect. Select from the following list the possible side-effects of Azetazolamide. (1) acidosis
(2) reduced movement of bicarbonate ion into the plasma
(3) an alkaline urine is produced
(4) respiration increases

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  1, 4 
B)  2, 3 
C)  1, 2, 3 
D)  2, 3, 4 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 16

The sensation of thirst results from

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the plasma volume. 
B)  hypertension (increased blood pressure). 
C)  stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  stimulation of baroreceptors. 
A)  an increase in the plasma volume. 
B)  hypertension (increased blood pressure). 
C)  stimulation of osmoreceptor cells in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a decrease in the osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  stimulation of baroreceptors.

Question 17

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulation of the pH of the intracellular environment 
B)  Regulating pH changes of the blood during exercise 
C)  Regulation of blood pH during elevated fat matabolism 
D)  Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the respiratory system 
E)  Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the kidneys 
A)  Regulation of the pH of the intracellular environment 
B)  Regulating pH changes of the blood during exercise 
C)  Regulation of blood pH during elevated fat matabolism 
D)  Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the respiratory system 
E)  Regulation of blood pH in coordination with the kidneys

Question 18

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  chloride 
D)  water volume 
E)  hydrogen ions 
A)  protein 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  chloride 
D)  water volume 
E)  hydrogen ions

Question 19

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Accepted Answer

A)  baroreceptors. 
B)  chemoreceptors. 
C)  osmoreceptors. 
D)  pressoreceptors. 
E)  proprioreceptors. 
A)  baroreceptors. 
B)  chemoreceptors. 
C)  osmoreceptors. 
D)  pressoreceptors. 
E)  proprioreceptors.

Question 20

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

Accepted Answer

A)  Magnesium 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Hydrogen 
D)  Carbonate 
E)  Phosphate 
A)  Magnesium 
B)  Calcium 
C)  Hydrogen 
D)  Carbonate 
E)  Phosphate

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

The stimulus for secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone is increased

Loss of a large volume of sweat will

Extracellular fluid has a

Which of the following events occurs last?

Mr. I.M.A. Wreck's plasma pH is 7.2. Which of the following indicates that the body is attempting to compensate and return the body pH to normal?

Which of the following is most likely to happen to a group of students who relax by drinking a pitcher of their favorite beverage?

Hyperventilation of the lungs can lead to ______________________.

What hormone regulates potassium levels, and how does it work?

If the hydrogen ion concentration in the blood increases, bicarbonate ions act as buffers by

Parathyroid hormone effects the

Once alkalosis has occurred, which of the following would you expect to happen?

Slight deviations from the normal concentration of ___________ ions can shut down metabolic pathways as well as alter the structure and function of other macromolecules.

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of ___________ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium ___________ in the kidney tubules.

Which of the following regulatory mechanisms would be stimulated as a result of the increased osmolality that results from a Na+ level of 152 mEq/L?

The sensation of thirst results from

Which of the following is not a function of the carbonic acid/bicarbonate system?

One difference between the plasma and interstitial fluid is that the plasma has significantly more _____ than interstitial fluid.

Receptors sensitive to changes in the osmolality of extracellular fluid are the

Name the ion that commonly serves as a cofactor for intracellular enzymes, such as the sodium-potassium pump.

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

Parathyroid hormone increases the activity of _ cells in bone and increases the rate of calcium _ in the kidney tubules.