Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization. 
B)  Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  When aldosterone levels are high, potassium secretion is low. 
D)  Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions. 
E)  None of these choices is false. 
A)  An increase in the extracellular potassium ion concentration leads to depolarization. 
B)  Potassium ions are secreted into the nephron by the distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  When aldosterone levels are high, potassium secretion is low. 
D)  Aldosterone secretion is stimulated by high blood levels of potassium ions. 
E)  None of these choices is false.

Question 2

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  PTH. 
C)  calcitonin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  insulin. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  PTH. 
C)  calcitonin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  insulin.

Question 3

Calcium balance is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH and parathyroid hormone levels. 
B)  ADH and aldosterone levels. 
C)  parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels. 
D)  aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels. 
E)  insulin and glucagon. 
A)  ADH and parathyroid hormone levels. 
B)  ADH and aldosterone levels. 
C)  parathyroid hormone and vitamin D levels. 
D)  aldosterone and parathyroid hormone levels. 
E)  insulin and glucagon.

Question 4

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

Accepted Answer

A)  a temporary interruption 
B)  a tremendous increase 
C)  an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase 
D)  an increase in blood osmolarity and a decrease 
A)  a temporary interruption 
B)  a tremendous increase 
C)  an increase in blood osmolarity and an increase 
D)  an increase in blood osmolarity and a decrease

Question 5

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  hypercalcemia. 
C)  hypernatremia. 
D)  increased urine volume. 
E)  hyponatremia. 
A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  hypercalcemia. 
C)  hypernatremia. 
D)  increased urine volume. 
E)  hyponatremia.

Question 6

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased rate of bone resorption. 
B)  increased rate of vitamin D degradation. 
C)  increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine. 
D)  increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys. 
E)  decreased levels of blood calcium. 
A)  increased rate of bone resorption. 
B)  increased rate of vitamin D degradation. 
C)  increased concentration of potassium ions in the urine. 
D)  increased rate of calcium ion excretion by the kidneys. 
E)  decreased levels of blood calcium.

Question 7

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 8

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Accepted Answer

A)  cells to become more excitable. 
B)  hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C)  more action potentials to be generated. 
D)  increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E)  hypopolarization of cell membranes. 
A)  cells to become more excitable. 
B)  hyperpolarization of cell membranes. 
C)  more action potentials to be generated. 
D)  increased permeability of cell membranes. 
E)  hypopolarization of cell membranes.

Question 9

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased renal blood flow 
B)  increased blood osmolality 
C)  increased atrial natriuretic hormone production 
D)  increased blood pressure 
E)  decreased blood osmolality 
A)  increased renal blood flow 
B)  increased blood osmolality 
C)  increased atrial natriuretic hormone production 
D)  increased blood pressure 
E)  decreased blood osmolality

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  diarrhea 
B)  perspiration 
C)  decreased water intake 
D)  decreased urine volume 
E)  increased urine volume 
A)  diarrhea 
B)  perspiration 
C)  decreased water intake 
D)  decreased urine volume 
E)  increased urine volume

Question 11

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction of blood vessels 
B)  increase ADH secretion 
C)  decrease aldosterone secretion 
D)  increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E)  increase aldosterone secretion 
A)  vasoconstriction of blood vessels 
B)  increase ADH secretion 
C)  decrease aldosterone secretion 
D)  increase the release of atrial natriuretic hormone 
E)  increase aldosterone secretion

Question 12

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

Accepted Answer

A)  renin. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  insulin. 
A)  renin. 
B)  aldosterone. 
C)  antidiuretic hormone (ADH). 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  insulin.

Question 13

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium 
E)  magnesium 
A)  sodium 
B)  potassium 
C)  chloride 
D)  calcium 
E)  magnesium

Question 14

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

Accepted Answer

A)  skin. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  GI tract. 
E)  sweat. 
A)  skin. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  lungs. 
D)  GI tract. 
E)  sweat.

Question 15

Calcitonin

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  promotes osteoclast activity in the bones. 
C)  reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
D)  reduces extracellular calcium ion levels. 
E)  increases blood calcium levels. 
A)  promotes the absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract. 
B)  promotes osteoclast activity in the bones. 
C)  reduces calcium excretion by the kidneys. 
D)  reduces extracellular calcium ion levels. 
E)  increases blood calcium levels.

Question 16

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  increased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
B)  decreased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
C)  no change in secretion of hydrogen ions. 
A)  increased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
B)  decreased secretion of hydrogen ions. 
C)  no change in secretion of hydrogen ions.

Question 17

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Accepted Answer

A)  acids 
B)  bases 
C)  salts 
D)  glucose 
E)  water 
A)  acids 
B)  bases 
C)  salts 
D)  glucose 
E)  water

Question 18

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Accepted Answer

A)  increases plasma osmolality. 
B)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
C)  increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D)  causes the production of a large volume of urine. 
E)  increases urine volume. 
A)  increases plasma osmolality. 
B)  is secreted by the anterior pituitary. 
C)  increases water reabsorption in the kidneys. 
D)  causes the production of a large volume of urine. 
E)  increases urine volume.

Question 19

The normal pH for blood plasma is

Accepted Answer

A)  7.00. 
B)  7.25 - 7.35. 
C)  7.35 - 7.45. 
D)  7.45 - 7.55. 
E)  6.80 - 7.20. 
A)  7.00. 
B)  7.25 - 7.35. 
C)  7.35 - 7.45. 
D)  7.45 - 7.55. 
E)  6.80 - 7.20.

Question 20

When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

Accepted Answer

A)  greatly increased. 
B)  greatly decreased. 
C)  unchanged. 
A)  greatly increased. 
B)  greatly decreased. 
C)  unchanged.

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Which of the following statements concerning potassium ions is false?

Potassium levels in the body are regulated by

Calcium balance is influenced by

Wetting the oral mucosa and stretching the digestive tract will cause ____________ in thirst sensations.

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

An increase in parathyroid hormone levels results in

Prolonged vomiting of stomach contents will result in

Decreased extracellular potassium levels cause

Increased ADH secretion could be stimulated by which of the following situations?

Which of the following is an example of water conservation by the body?

Which of the following will the body begin to do in order to compensate for hyperkalemia?

The primary regulator of plasma sodium concentration is

The most abundant cation in the extracellular fluid is _________________.

Under normal conditions, most water loss from the body is through the

Calcitonin

Hyposecretion of aldosterone would lead to

Which of the following substances releases hydrogen ions into a solution?

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

The normal pH for blood plasma is

When aldosterone is absent, sodium reabsorption in the nephron is

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