Question 1

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  urine. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  skin. 
E)  GI tract. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  urine. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  skin. 
E)  GI tract.

Question 2

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium is excreted by the kidney. 
B)  large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested. 
C)  carbonic acid is formed. 
D)  the respiratory rate decreases. 
E)  carbon dioxide levels increase. 
A)  sodium is excreted by the kidney. 
B)  large amounts of bicarbonate are ingested. 
C)  carbonic acid is formed. 
D)  the respiratory rate decreases. 
E)  carbon dioxide levels increase.

Question 3

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Accepted Answer

A)  interstitial 
B)  intracellular 
C)  plasma 
D)  cerebrospinal 
E)  synovial 
A)  interstitial 
B)  intracellular 
C)  plasma 
D)  cerebrospinal 
E)  synovial

Question 4

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 5

pH

Accepted Answer

A)  increases with acidity. 
B)  is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. 
C)  is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D)  reflects sodium content of body fluids. 
E)  is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body. 
A)  increases with acidity. 
B)  is measured on a scale of 0 to 10. 
C)  is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration. 
D)  reflects sodium content of body fluids. 
E)  is not related to amounts of carbon dioxide in the body.

Question 6

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Accepted Answer

A)  urine volume. 
B)  ADH secretion. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  the reabsorption of sodium ions. 
E)  blood volume. 
A)  urine volume. 
B)  ADH secretion. 
C)  aldosterone secretion. 
D)  the reabsorption of sodium ions. 
E)  blood volume.

Question 7

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma 
B)  intracellular fluid 
C)  interstitial fluid 
D)  lymph 
A)  plasma 
B)  intracellular fluid 
C)  interstitial fluid 
D)  lymph

Question 8

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  chloride. 
D)  phosphate. 
E)  hydrogen ion. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  potassium. 
C)  chloride. 
D)  phosphate. 
E)  hydrogen ion.

Question 9

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  metabolic acidosis. 
B)  metabolic alkalosis. 
C)  respiratory acidosis. 
D)  respiratory alkalosis. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia 
B)  bicarbonate ions 
C)  phosphate ions 
D)  ammonia and bicarbonate ions 
E)  ammonia, bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions 
A)  ammonia 
B)  bicarbonate ions 
C)  phosphate ions 
D)  ammonia and bicarbonate ions 
E)  ammonia, bicarbonate ions and phosphate ions

Question 11

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial 
C)  intracellular 
D)  extracellular 
E)  cytoplasm 
A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial 
C)  intracellular 
D)  extracellular 
E)  cytoplasm

Question 12

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  presence of channels in the membrane 
B)  presence of lipids in the membrane 
C)  being selectively permeable 
D)  high sodium concentration inside the cell 
A)  presence of channels in the membrane 
B)  presence of lipids in the membrane 
C)  being selectively permeable 
D)  high sodium concentration inside the cell

Question 13

Increased osmolality of the ECF

Accepted Answer

A)  increases thirst. 
B)  inhibits ADH. 
C)  increases renin secretion. 
D)  increases aldosterone secretion. 
E)  decreases thirst. 
A)  increases thirst. 
B)  inhibits ADH. 
C)  increases renin secretion. 
D)  increases aldosterone secretion. 
E)  decreases thirst.

Question 14

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Accepted Answer

A)  vomiting. 
B)  increased dietary intake. 
C)  increased urinary output. 
D)  cellular injury or death. 
E)  diarrhea. 
A)  vomiting. 
B)  increased dietary intake. 
C)  increased urinary output. 
D)  cellular injury or death. 
E)  diarrhea.

Question 15

Renin is released by the

Accepted Answer

A)  lungs. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas. 
A)  lungs. 
B)  kidney. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  liver. 
E)  pancreas.

Question 16

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  hypercalcemia. 
C)  hypernatremia. 
D)  increased urine volume. 
E)  hyponatremia. 
A)  hyperkalemia. 
B)  hypercalcemia. 
C)  hypernatremia. 
D)  increased urine volume. 
E)  hyponatremia.

Question 17

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  high intake of sodium 
B)  increased aldosterone production 
C)  increased urine output 
D)  decreased aldosterone production 
E)  decreased ADH production 
A)  high intake of sodium 
B)  increased aldosterone production 
C)  increased urine output 
D)  decreased aldosterone production 
E)  decreased ADH production

Question 18

In hypocalcemia,

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarization is prevented. 
B)  PTH production is reduced. 
C)  blood calcium levels are increased. 
D)  neuromuscular excitability increases. 
E)  neuromuscular excitability decreases. 
A)  depolarization is prevented. 
B)  PTH production is reduced. 
C)  blood calcium levels are increased. 
D)  neuromuscular excitability increases. 
E)  neuromuscular excitability decreases.

Question 19

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  excess excitability of kalems. 
B)  reduction of plasma calcium level. 
C)  increase in plasma potassium level. 
D)  increase in plasma sodium level. 
E)  decrease in plasma potassium level. 
A)  excess excitability of kalems. 
B)  reduction of plasma calcium level. 
C)  increase in plasma potassium level. 
D)  increase in plasma sodium level. 
E)  decrease in plasma potassium level.

Question 20

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial compartment 
C)  intracellular compartment 
D)  extracellular compartment 
E)  cytoplasm 
A)  plasma 
B)  interstitial compartment 
C)  intracellular compartment 
D)  extracellular compartment 
E)  cytoplasm

Exam 27: Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

A person working in the hot sun loses the greatest amount of water from the

Body fluid pH will rise dramatically when

Edema results when the amount of ___________ fluid increases.

Ingesting large amounts of sodium bicarbonate can lead to

pH

Atrial natriuretic hormone increases

Where is the highest concentration of bicarbonate ion found?

The cation that plays a major role in determining the osmotic pressure of the plasma is

A falling blood pH and a rising concentration of carbon dioxide due to emphysema, indicate

Which of the following can play a role in buffering the pH of urine?

Synovial fluid is a part of which of the following fluid compartments?

What characteristic of the plasma membrane is responsible for maintaining the difference between intracellular and extracellular fluid?

Increased osmolality of the ECF

The most common cause of hyperkalemia is

Renin is released by the

Oversecretion of aldosterone causes

Which of the following would be expected to cause hyponatremia?

In hypocalcemia,

Hyperkalemia is defined as

Which of the following fluid compartments contains the smallest volume of water?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

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