Question 1

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  afferent arteriole. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  peritubular capillary. 
E)  interlobular artery. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  afferent arteriole. 
C)  efferent arteriole. 
D)  peritubular capillary. 
E)  interlobular artery.

Question 2

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in urine volume. 
B)  an increase in urine volume. 
C)  no change in urine volume. 
A)  a decrease in urine volume. 
B)  an increase in urine volume. 
C)  no change in urine volume.

Question 3

Aldosterone targets cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  glomerulus. 
E)  collecting duct. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  glomerulus. 
E)  collecting duct.

Question 4

Effects of aging on the kidneys include all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  an increased ability to eliminate uric acid and creatine from the blood. 
B)  a gradual decrease in the size of the kidneys. 
C)  a gradual decrease in blood flow through the kidneys. 
D)  a loss of general function. 
E)  a decline in absorption and secretion. 
A)  an increased ability to eliminate uric acid and creatine from the blood. 
B)  a gradual decrease in the size of the kidneys. 
C)  a gradual decrease in blood flow through the kidneys. 
D)  a loss of general function. 
E)  a decline in absorption and secretion.

Question 5

The filtration membrane prevents blood cells and proteins from entering the Bowman capsule on the basis of size and protein type.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorb glucose. 
B)  collect filtrate from Bowman's capsule. 
C)  actively transport sodium ions but not chloride ions. 
D)  vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present. 
E)  do not alter their permeability to water. 
A)  reabsorb glucose. 
B)  collect filtrate from Bowman's capsule. 
C)  actively transport sodium ions but not chloride ions. 
D)  vary in their permeability to water relative to the amounts of ADH present. 
E)  do not alter their permeability to water.

Question 7

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium. 
B)  water content. 
C)  glucose content. 
D)  bicarbonate content. 
E)  hydrogen ions. 
A)  potassium. 
B)  water content. 
C)  glucose content. 
D)  bicarbonate content. 
E)  hydrogen ions.

Question 8

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  calyx tissue. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal columns. 
D)  medullary rays. 
E)  renal corpuscles. 
A)  calyx tissue. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal columns. 
D)  medullary rays. 
E)  renal corpuscles.

Question 9

Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone results in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased thirst. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  increased blood pressure. 
D)  increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  decreased urine output. 
A)  increased thirst. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  increased blood pressure. 
D)  increased osmolality of the extracellular fluid. 
E)  decreased urine output.

Question 10

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma clearance 
B)  plasma osmolarity 
C)  tubular maximum 
D)  renal plasma flow 
E)  glomerular filtration rate 
A)  plasma clearance 
B)  plasma osmolarity 
C)  tubular maximum 
D)  renal plasma flow 
E)  glomerular filtration rate

Question 11

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium and bicarbonate 
B)  potassium and phosphate 
C)  sodium and chloride 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium 
E)  potassium and chloride 
A)  sodium and bicarbonate 
B)  potassium and phosphate 
C)  sodium and chloride 
D)  bicarbonate and potassium 
E)  potassium and chloride

Question 12

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrons. 
B)  podocytes. 
C)  nephrocytes. 
D)  juxtamedullary cells. 
E)  macula densa. 
A)  nephrons. 
B)  podocytes. 
C)  nephrocytes. 
D)  juxtamedullary cells. 
E)  macula densa.

Question 13

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  vasa recta. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  peritubular capillary. 
D)  proximal convoluted capillary. 
E)  efferent arteriole. 
A)  vasa recta. 
B)  glomerulus. 
C)  peritubular capillary. 
D)  proximal convoluted capillary. 
E)  efferent arteriole.

Question 14

Choose the one that does not belong.

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  glomerulus 
C)  distal convoluted tubule 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  Bowman's capsule

Question 15

The juxtamedullary nephrons

Accepted Answer

A)  have long loops of Henle. 
B)  are found next to the renal capsule. 
C)  comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D)  have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E)  have short loops of Henle. 
A)  have long loops of Henle. 
B)  are found next to the renal capsule. 
C)  comprise 85% of all nephrons. 
D)  have their renal corpuscles located in the medulla. 
E)  have short loops of Henle.

Question 16

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

Accepted Answer

A)  constriction of the glomerulus 
B)  dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C)  dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D)  constriction of the afferent arteriole 
A)  constriction of the glomerulus 
B)  dilation of the afferent arteriole 
C)  dilation of the efferent arteriole 
D)  constriction of the afferent arteriole

Question 17

As ADH production declines,

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerular filtration increases. 
B)  potassium reabsorption increases. 
C)  reabsorption of water increases. 
D)  the urine volume increases. 
E)  the blood volume increases. 
A)  glomerular filtration increases. 
B)  potassium reabsorption increases. 
C)  reabsorption of water increases. 
D)  the urine volume increases. 
E)  the blood volume increases.

Question 18

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of:

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrogen ions. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  potassium. 
A)  hydrogen ions. 
B)  calcium. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  magnesium. 
E)  potassium.

Question 19

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

Accepted Answer

A)  no energy is needed. 
B)  glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C)  Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D)  water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E)  water is secreted. 
A)  no energy is needed. 
B)  glucose and amino acids are countertransported at the same time. 
C)  Na+ concentration gradient is established between the tubule lumen and tubule cell. 
D)  water is countertransported by carrier molecules. 
E)  water is secreted.

Exam 26: Urinary System

The vasa recta is a specialized portion of the

Removal of the posterior pituitary will immediately cause

Aldosterone targets cells in the

Effects of aging on the kidneys include all of the following, except

The filtration membrane prevents blood cells and proteins from entering the Bowman capsule on the basis of size and protein type.

The collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules

Decreased ADH levels results in a urine high in

Cortical tissue located between the pyramids is called the

Increased secretion of atrial natriuretic hormone results in

Drug companies use which of the following to help them calculate the duration of action of a medication?

Which of the following ions are cotransported across the wall of the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule, and the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?

The inner layer of Bowman's capsule consists of specialized cells called

The network of capillaries that is located in Bowman's capsule is called the

Choose the one that does not belong.

The juxtamedullary nephrons

In the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation, what is the response to an increase in blood pressure in the afferent arteriole?

As ADH production declines,

In order to regulate the pH of extracellular fluid, the kidneys are able to adjust the excretion of:

When sodium is actively transported from tubular cells to the interstitial fluid,

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters