Question 1

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  pelvis. 
D)  calyx. 
E)  columns. 
A)  cortex. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  pelvis. 
D)  calyx. 
E)  columns.

Question 2

Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 
D)  Ascending limb and descending limb of the loop of Henle. 
A)  Distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. 
B)  Proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule. 
C)  Distal convoluted tubule and ascending limb of the loop of Henle. 
D)  Ascending limb and descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Question 3

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 1% 
B)  5% 
C)  10% 
D)  80% 
E)  90% 
A)  less than 1% 
B)  5% 
C)  10% 
D)  80% 
E)  90%

Question 4

Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney's medullary interstitial fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  vasa recta 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule 
A)  distal convoluted tubule 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  vasa recta 
E)  proximal convoluted tubule

Question 5

The urinary bladder

Accepted Answer

A)  stores urine until it is voided. 
B)  empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C)  contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D)  is superior to the kidney. 
E)  filters urine. 
A)  stores urine until it is voided. 
B)  empties to the exterior via the ureters. 
C)  contains a muscle called the trigone. 
D)  is superior to the kidney. 
E)  filters urine.

Question 6

What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

Accepted Answer

A)  simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
D)  simple columnar cells with microvilli and cilia 
A)  simple cuboidal epithelium with microvilli 
B)  stratified squamous epithelium 
C)  pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium 
D)  simple columnar cells with microvilli and cilia

Question 7

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Accepted Answer

A)  the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  the loop of Henle only. 
E)  both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta. 
A)  the afferent and efferent arterioles. 
B)  the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. 
C)  the proximal and distal convoluted tubules. 
D)  the loop of Henle only. 
E)  both the loop of Henle and the vasa recta.

Question 8

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular pressure 
B)  capsular pressure 
C)  colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  glomerular capillary pressure 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  tubular pressure 
B)  capsular pressure 
C)  colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  glomerular capillary pressure 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 9

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

Accepted Answer

A)  nephrons. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal pyramids. 
D)  renal columns. 
E)  renal tubes. 
A)  nephrons. 
B)  renal papillae. 
C)  renal pyramids. 
D)  renal columns. 
E)  renal tubes.

Question 10

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  renal fraction. 
B)  filtration fraction. 
C)  glomerular filtration rate. 
D)  clearance fraction. 
E)  renal rate. 
A)  renal fraction. 
B)  filtration fraction. 
C)  glomerular filtration rate. 
D)  clearance fraction. 
E)  renal rate.

Question 11

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  secretion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  excretion. 
A)  filtration. 
B)  reabsorption. 
C)  secretion. 
D)  elimination. 
E)  excretion.

Question 12

The renal papillae extend into the

Accepted Answer

A)  cortex. 
B)  renal columns. 
C)  minor calyces. 
D)  major calyces. 
A)  cortex. 
B)  renal columns. 
C)  minor calyces. 
D)  major calyces.

Question 13

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

Accepted Answer

A)  increased urine output. 
B)  decreased aldosterone production. 
C)  decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D)  increased osmolality of the urine. 
E)  decreased urine volume. 
A)  increased urine output. 
B)  decreased aldosterone production. 
C)  decreased osmolality of the filtrate. 
D)  increased osmolality of the urine. 
E)  decreased urine volume.

Question 14

The kidneys are located behind the ____________ membrane on the posterior side of the _______________ wall.

Accepted Answer

A)  peritoneal; abdominal 
B)  peritoneal; pelvic 
C)  renal; abdominal 
D)  renal; pelvic 
E)  pleural; pelvic 
A)  peritoneal; abdominal 
B)  peritoneal; pelvic 
C)  renal; abdominal 
D)  renal; pelvic 
E)  pleural; pelvic

Question 15

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Bowman's capsule. 
A)  loop of Henle. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  Bowman's capsule.

Question 16

Urea and mannitol are examples of which of the following types of diuretics?

Accepted Answer

A)  osmotic diuretics 
B)  thiazide diuretics 
C)  potassium-sparing diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  ADH inhibitors 
A)  osmotic diuretics 
B)  thiazide diuretics 
C)  potassium-sparing diuretics 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 
E)  ADH inhibitors

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

Accepted Answer

A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  renal corpuscle 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  distal convoluted tubule 
A)  loop of Henle 
B)  collecting duct 
C)  renal corpuscle 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  distal convoluted tubule

Question 18

Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

Accepted Answer

A)  the anterosuperior surface 
B)  the anteroinferior surface 
C)  the posteromedial surface 
D)  the posterolateral surface 
A)  the anterosuperior surface 
B)  the anteroinferior surface 
C)  the posteromedial surface 
D)  the posterolateral surface

Question 19

Renal papillae drain into __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  minor calyces 
B)  major calyces 
C)  the renal pelvis 
D)  renal columns 
E)  the ureter 
A)  minor calyces 
B)  major calyces 
C)  the renal pelvis 
D)  renal columns 
E)  the ureter

Question 20

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in filtration volume 
B)  anuria - no urine production 
C)  necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D)  low protein levels in the filtrate 
E)  no change in the filtrate 
A)  increase in filtration volume 
B)  anuria - no urine production 
C)  necrosis of the renal corpuscle 
D)  low protein levels in the filtrate 
E)  no change in the filtrate

Exam 26: Urinary System

The portion of the kidney that is composed of cone-shaped renal pyramids is called the

Which of the following pairs of structures are the most similar in function?

What percent of filtrate becomes urine?

Which structure removes excess water and solutes from the kidney's medullary interstitial fluid?

The urinary bladder

What type of cells form the proximal convoluted tubule?

A countercurrent mechanism is in

Which of the following pressures tends to force fluid from the glomerulus through the filtration membrane into Bowman's capsule?

The structural and functional units of the kidney are called

The amount of filtrate produced per minute is called the

The active transport of substances into the filtrate is called tubular

The renal papillae extend into the

Lasix is a diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium in the ascending loop of Henle. The result of giving this drug would be

The kidneys are located behind the ____________ membrane on the posterior side of the _______________ wall.

Urine drains from the nephron into the calyces through the

Urea and mannitol are examples of which of the following types of diuretics?

Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?

Where do the ureters enter the urinary bladder?

Renal papillae drain into __________________.

In glomerulonephritis, the permeability of the filtration membrane increases allowing proteins to cross the membrane. Which of the following would you expect to observe?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

The kidneys are located behind the membrane on the posterior side of the ___ wall.