Question 1

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  renal capsule. 
D)  renal pyramid. 
E)  renal corpuscle. 
A)  hilum. 
B)  renal pelvis. 
C)  renal capsule. 
D)  renal pyramid. 
E)  renal corpuscle.

Question 2

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

Accepted Answer

A)  is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B)  passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C)  can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D)  can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E)  None of these choices is correct. 
A)  is present in the blood as it enters the afferent arteriole of the nephron. 
B)  passes through the filtration membrane into the nephron each minute. 
C)  can be actively reabsorbed from the filtrate. 
D)  can be secreted into the filtrate. 
E)  None of these choices is correct.

Question 3

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mL 
B)  300 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL 
A)  100 mL 
B)  300 mL 
C)  400 mL 
D)  500 mL

Question 4

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

A)  increased blood velocity 
B)  decreased renin production 
C)  increased plasma osmolality 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  decreased plasma osmolality 
A)  increased blood velocity 
B)  decreased renin production 
C)  increased plasma osmolality 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion 
E)  decreased plasma osmolality

Question 5

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal pyramid. 
A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal pelvis. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal pyramid.

Question 6

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Accepted Answer

A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal fat pad. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal cortex. 
A)  hilum. 
B)  renal fascia. 
C)  renal fat pad. 
D)  renal capsule. 
E)  renal cortex.

Question 7

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  podocytes 
B)  macula densa 
C)  glomerular endothelium 
D)  the basement membrane 
E)  parietal layer of Bowman's capsule 
A)  podocytes 
B)  macula densa 
C)  glomerular endothelium 
D)  the basement membrane 
E)  parietal layer of Bowman's capsule

Question 8

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

Accepted Answer

A)  hypertension. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  decreased ADH secretion. 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion. 
E)  fluid balance. 
A)  hypertension. 
B)  renal failure. 
C)  decreased ADH secretion. 
D)  decreased aldosterone secretion. 
E)  fluid balance.

Question 9

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyelonephritis 
B)  acute glomerular nephritis 
C)  chronic glomerular nephritis 
D)  acute renal failure 
E)  chronic renal failure 
A)  pyelonephritis 
B)  acute glomerular nephritis 
C)  chronic glomerular nephritis 
D)  acute renal failure 
E)  chronic renal failure

Question 10

The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder 
B)  stretching of the walls of the ureters 
C)  relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder 
D)  constriction of the external urinary sphincter 
E)  relaxation of the external urinary sphincter 
A)  stretching of the walls of the urinary bladder 
B)  stretching of the walls of the ureters 
C)  relaxation of the walls of the urinary bladder 
D)  constriction of the external urinary sphincter 
E)  relaxation of the external urinary sphincter

Question 11

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  renal corpuscle 
C)  loop of Henle 
D)  distal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 12

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1) interlobar artery
(2) interlobular artery
(3) segmental artery
(4) arcuate artery
(5) afferent arteriole

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 4, 2, 3, 5 
C)  3, 1, 2, 4, 5 
D)  2, 1, 3, 5, 4 
E)  1, 4, 3, 2 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  1, 4, 2, 3, 5 
C)  3, 1, 2, 4, 5 
D)  2, 1, 3, 5, 4 
E)  1, 4, 3, 2

Question 13

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  potassium-sparing diuretics. 
A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  potassium-sparing diuretics.

Question 14

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

Accepted Answer

A)  more of the substance is reabsorbed. 
B)  more of the substance is actively secreted. 
C)  less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle. 
D)  the excess goes into the blood. 
E)  the excess remains in the urine. 
A)  more of the substance is reabsorbed. 
B)  more of the substance is actively secreted. 
C)  less of the substance is filtered in the renal corpuscle. 
D)  the excess goes into the blood. 
E)  the excess remains in the urine.

Question 15

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Accepted Answer

A)  pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle. 
B)  be readily reabsorbed. 
C)  be either a protein or a polysaccharide. 
D)  be secreted into the nephron. 
E)  be produced in the kidney. 
A)  pass freely through the filtration membrane of the renal corpuscle. 
B)  be readily reabsorbed. 
C)  be either a protein or a polysaccharide. 
D)  be secreted into the nephron. 
E)  be produced in the kidney.

Question 16

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Accepted Answer

A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  ADH inhibitors. 
A)  xanthines. 
B)  osmotic diuretics. 
C)  thiazide diuretics. 
D)  carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. 
E)  ADH inhibitors.

Question 17

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing tubular renin production. 
B)  increasing tubular permeability. 
C)  increasing osmosis into the tubule cells. 
D)  increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium. 
E)  decreasing tubular permeability. 
A)  increasing tubular renin production. 
B)  increasing tubular permeability. 
C)  increasing osmosis into the tubule cells. 
D)  increasing the synthesis of the transport proteins for sodium. 
E)  decreasing tubular permeability.

Question 18

All of the following are major processes essential to urine production, except _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  micturition 
B)  filtration 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  tubular reabsorption 
A)  micturition 
B)  filtration 
C)  tubular secretion 
D)  tubular reabsorption

Question 19

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH. 
B)  renin. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  angiotensin. 
A)  ADH. 
B)  renin. 
C)  aldosterone. 
D)  atrial natriuretic hormone. 
E)  angiotensin.

Question 20

Renin converts

Accepted Answer

A)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B)  angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin II. 
A)  angiotensin I to angiotensin II. 
B)  angiotensin II to angiotensin I. 
C)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. 
D)  angiotensin II to angiotensin III. 
E)  angiotensinogen to angiotensin II.

Exam 26: Urinary System

The ureter expands into the substance of the kidney as the

Tubular load refers to the amount of a given substance that

How much urine would be in the urinary bladder to increase the pressure to an uncomfortable point?

Which of the following situations increases the number of action potentials to the supraoptic region of the hypothalamus?

Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney at the

The kidney is protected from mechanical shock by the

Which of the following layers of the filtration membrane is closest to the plasma?

Decreased plasma clearance can indicate

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation of the renal medulla?

The micturition reflex is initiated by the ____________.

Potassium ions enter the lumen of the _____ by the process of active transport.

Trace the path of a red blood cell from the renal artery to the glomerulus: (1) interlobar artery (2) interlobular artery (3) segmental artery (4) arcuate artery (5) afferent arteriole

Diuretics that work by reducing H+ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO3- ions are classified as

When the tubular maximum for a substance is exceeded,

A substance used to calculate plasma clearance must

Diuretics that inhibit sodium ion reabsorption are called

Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidney tubules by

All of the following are major processes essential to urine production, except _______________.

Stretch receptors in the atria are responsible for the secretion of

Renin converts

The Human Organism

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Cell Biology

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Filters

Diuretics that work by reducing H⁺ secretion and the reabsorption of HCO₃^- ions are classified as