Question 1

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitated diffusion. 
B)  cotransport. 
C)  counter transport. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  simple diffusion. 
A)  facilitated diffusion. 
B)  cotransport. 
C)  counter transport. 
D)  active transport. 
E)  simple diffusion.

Question 2

Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of the capillary pores. 
B)  the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes. 
C)  the size of the proteins. 
D)  filtration pressure. 
E)  the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins. 
A)  the size of the capillary pores. 
B)  the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes. 
C)  the size of the proteins. 
D)  filtration pressure. 
E)  the size of the capillary pores, the size of the filtration slits in the podocytes, and the size of the proteins.

Question 3

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  descending loop of Henle. 
C)  ascending loop of Henle. 
D)  distal convolute tubule. 
E)  collecting duct. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  descending loop of Henle. 
C)  ascending loop of Henle. 
D)  distal convolute tubule. 
E)  collecting duct.

Question 4

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  myogenic mechanism 
B)  tubular secretion 
C)  tubuloglomerular feedback 
D)  glomerular filtration 
E)  tubular reabsorption 
A)  myogenic mechanism 
B)  tubular secretion 
C)  tubuloglomerular feedback 
D)  glomerular filtration 
E)  tubular reabsorption

Question 5

Voluntary micturition

Accepted Answer

A)  involves higher brain centers. 
B)  involves control of the internal sphincter. 
C)  is a reflex action. 
D)  is common in infants. 
E)  involves control of smooth muscle. 
A)  involves higher brain centers. 
B)  involves control of the internal sphincter. 
C)  is a reflex action. 
D)  is common in infants. 
E)  involves control of smooth muscle.

Question 6

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Accepted Answer

A)  GFR increases 
B)  GFR decreases 
C)  GFR is not affected 
D)  GFR increases, then decreases 
A)  GFR increases 
B)  GFR decreases 
C)  GFR is not affected 
D)  GFR increases, then decreases

Question 7

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus 
B)  arcuate artery 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  interlobular artery 
E)  afferent arteriole 
A)  glomerulus 
B)  arcuate artery 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  interlobular artery 
E)  afferent arteriole

Question 8

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Accepted Answer

A)  high urea concentration in medulla 
B)  active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C)  the vasa recta 
D)  functions of the loop of Henle 
E)  All of these choices are correct 
A)  high urea concentration in medulla 
B)  active transport of solutes from ascending limb 
C)  the vasa recta 
D)  functions of the loop of Henle 
E)  All of these choices are correct

Question 9

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is made of smooth muscle. 
B)  It is part of the detrusor muscle. 
C)  It is made of skeletal muscle. 
D)  It is made of adventitia. 
A)  It is made of smooth muscle. 
B)  It is part of the detrusor muscle. 
C)  It is made of skeletal muscle. 
D)  It is made of adventitia.

Question 10

What is tubular reabsorption?

Accepted Answer

A)  The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood. 
B)  The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body. 
C)  The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron. 
D)  The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine. 
E)  The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells. 
A)  The process where the nephron returns water and some filtered molecules to the blood. 
B)  The reabsorption of blood cells in the nephron into the body. 
C)  The passage of water and ions into the filtrate during filtration in the nephron. 
D)  The absorption of proteins into the filtrate which later becomes urine. 
E)  The transport additional solutes from the blood into the filtrate by tubule cells.

Question 11

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

Accepted Answer

A)  water can easily enter or leave. 
B)  potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane. 
C)  calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D)  potassium is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E)  the filtrate does not change. 
A)  water can easily enter or leave. 
B)  potassium and chloride are cotransported with sodium across the apical membrane. 
C)  calcium ions are actively transported across the basal membrane. 
D)  potassium is concentrated in the filtrate. 
E)  the filtrate does not change.

Question 12

What is/are the main excretory organ/s of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  skin 
B)  lungs 
C)  intestines 
D)  kidneys 
A)  skin 
B)  lungs 
C)  intestines 
D)  kidneys

Question 13

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

Accepted Answer

A)  glomerulus. 
B)  ascending loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  descending loop of Henle. 
A)  glomerulus. 
B)  ascending loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule. 
D)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
E)  descending loop of Henle.

Question 14

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

Accepted Answer

A)  quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B)  concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C)  concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D)  blood volume. 
E)  quantity of urine produced per minute, the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine, and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
A)  quantity of urine produced per minute. 
B)  concentration of the cleared substance in the urine. 
C)  concentration of the cleared substance in the blood. 
D)  blood volume. 
E)  quantity of urine produced per minute, the concentration of the cleared substance in the urine, and the concentration of the cleared substance in the blood.

Question 15

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport system. 
B)  countercurrent system. 
C)  cotransport system. 
D)  sorting system. 
E)  toy. 
A)  active transport system. 
B)  countercurrent system. 
C)  cotransport system. 
D)  sorting system. 
E)  toy.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Accepted Answer

A)  vasoconstriction of arterioles 
B)  increases thirst 
C)  increases ADH secretion 
D)  decreases peripheral resistance 
E)  increases aldosterone secretion 
A)  vasoconstriction of arterioles 
B)  increases thirst 
C)  increases ADH secretion 
D)  decreases peripheral resistance 
E)  increases aldosterone secretion

Question 17

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient.
(1) ascending limb
(2) distal convoluted tubule
(3) interstitial fluid
(4) collecting duct
(5) descending limb

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 5, 1, 4, 3 
B)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
C)  3, 5, 1, 2, 4 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
E)  4, 3, 5, 1, 2 
A)  2, 5, 1, 4, 3 
B)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
C)  3, 5, 1, 2, 4 
D)  4, 2, 1, 3, 5 
E)  4, 3, 5, 1, 2

Question 18

In glomerular nephritis, proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

Accepted Answer

A)  increased reabsorption of water. 
B)  increased reabsorption of sodium. 
C)  increased secretion of sodium. 
D)  increased urine output. 
E)  decreased urine output. 
A)  increased reabsorption of water. 
B)  increased reabsorption of sodium. 
C)  increased secretion of sodium. 
D)  increased urine output. 
E)  decreased urine output.

Question 19

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Accepted Answer

A)  filtrate volume increases. 
B)  filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C)  potassium is secreted from the cells. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E)  the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water. 
A)  filtrate volume increases. 
B)  filtrate osmolality decreases. 
C)  potassium is secreted from the cells. 
D)  the distal convoluted tubule is less permeable to water. 
E)  the distal convoluted tubule is more permeable to water.

Question 20

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) decreased sympathetic stimulation
(2) increase in glomerulus filtration rate
(3) increase in arterial blood pressure
(4) increase in urine production
(5) afferent arterioles dilate

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
B)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
C)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 1, 5, 2, 4 
E)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1 
A)  1, 3, 5, 2, 4 
B)  3, 2, 1, 5, 4 
C)  2, 3, 5, 1, 4 
D)  3, 1, 5, 2, 4 
E)  3, 2, 5, 4, 1

Exam 26: Urinary System

Once inside the cells of the ascending limb, potassium and chloride cross the basal membrane into the interstitial fluid by the process of

Passage of proteins into Bowman's capsule is prevented by

Most water is reabsorbed from the filtrate in the

Smooth muscle cells in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles dilate or constrict as needed in response to changes in blood pressure. This process of autoregulation is called the ____________________.

Voluntary micturition

What is the effect of intense sympathetic stimulation on the GFR?

Which of these vessels gives rise to the peritubular capillary?

Which of the following helps maintain a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla?

Why is the external urinary sphincter under conscious control?

What is tubular reabsorption?

In the ascending limb of the loop of Henle,

What is/are the main excretory organ/s of the body?

The portion of the nephron that empties into the collecting duct is the

To calculate plasma clearance of any substance, it is necessary to know the

The kidney dialysis machine is an example of a mechanical

Which of the following is NOT an action of angiotensin II?

Starting from the collecting duct, indicate the order in which urea molecules move to maintain the medullary concentration gradient. (1) ascending limb (2) distal convoluted tubule (3) interstitial fluid (4) collecting duct (5) descending limb

In glomerular nephritis, proteins and white blood cells enter the filtrate resulting in

When ADH binds to receptor sites on distal convoluted tubule cells,

Put the following in the correct order after the blood pressure increases. (1) decreased sympathetic stimulation (2) increase in glomerulus filtration rate (3) increase in arterial blood pressure (4) increase in urine production (5) afferent arterioles dilate

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