Question 1

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  protein 
D)  sodium ions 
E)  glucose 
A)  urea 
B)  water 
C)  protein 
D)  sodium ions 
E)  glucose

Question 2

Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  descending loop of Henle. 
C)  ascending loop of Henle. 
D)  distal convoluted tubule only. 
E)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  descending loop of Henle. 
C)  ascending loop of Henle. 
D)  distal convoluted tubule only. 
E)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts.

Question 3

Filtrate reabsorption, which occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced, is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  active. 
B)  obligatory. 
C)  facultative. 
D)  countercurrent. 
E)  nonessential. 
A)  active. 
B)  obligatory. 
C)  facultative. 
D)  countercurrent. 
E)  nonessential.

Question 4

Urine formation involves

Accepted Answer

A)  filtration of the plasma. 
B)  reabsorption from the filtrate. 
C)  secretion into the filtrate. 
D)  production of red blood cells. 
E)  filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate. 
A)  filtration of the plasma. 
B)  reabsorption from the filtrate. 
C)  secretion into the filtrate. 
D)  production of red blood cells. 
E)  filtration of the plasma, reabsorption from the filtrate, and the secretion into the filtrate.

Question 5

All of the following are located in the renal cortex, except

Accepted Answer

A)  collecting ducts. 
B)  renal corpuscles. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
D)  distal convoluted tubules. 
E)  afferent arteriole. 
A)  collecting ducts. 
B)  renal corpuscles. 
C)  proximal convoluted tubules. 
D)  distal convoluted tubules. 
E)  afferent arteriole.

Question 6

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter
(2) renal pelvis
(3) calyx
(4) urinary bladder
(5) urethra

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  3, 2, 1, 4, 5 
C)  2, 4, 5, 3, 1 
D)  3, 4, 1, 2, 5 
E)  1, 3, 2, 4, 5 
A)  1, 2, 3, 4, 5 
B)  3, 2, 1, 4, 5 
C)  2, 4, 5, 3, 1 
D)  3, 4, 1, 2, 5 
E)  1, 3, 2, 4, 5

Question 7

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Accepted Answer

A)  lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. 
B)  the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. 
C)  permeable to water if ADH is present. 
D)  impermeable to water. 
E)  the site of water secretion. 
A)  lined with epithelial cells that lack microvilli. 
B)  the site of glucose and amino acid reabsorption. 
C)  permeable to water if ADH is present. 
D)  impermeable to water. 
E)  the site of water secretion.

Question 8

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose
(2) establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen
(3) sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell
(4) active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area

Accepted Answer

A)  2, 1, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4 
A)  2, 1, 3, 4 
B)  4, 2, 1, 3 
C)  1, 3, 4, 2 
D)  2, 4, 1, 3 
E)  1, 2, 3, 4

Question 9

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Accepted Answer

A)  end of proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  tip of the loop of Henle 
C)  end of distal convoluted tubule 
D)  beginning of distal convoluted tubule 
E)  descending loop of Henle 
A)  end of proximal convoluted tubule 
B)  tip of the loop of Henle 
C)  end of distal convoluted tubule 
D)  beginning of distal convoluted tubule 
E)  descending loop of Henle

Question 10

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. 
D)  calyces. 
E)  urethra. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  loop of Henle. 
C)  distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts. 
D)  calyces. 
E)  urethra.

Question 11

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the

Accepted Answer

A)  trigone. 
B)  lamina propria. 
C)  external urinary sphincter. 
D)  internal urinary sphincter. 
E)  involuntary portion of bladder control. 
A)  trigone. 
B)  lamina propria. 
C)  external urinary sphincter. 
D)  internal urinary sphincter. 
E)  involuntary portion of bladder control.

Question 12

The filtration membrane consists of the

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary epithelium, podocytes, and macula densa. 
B)  podocytes, basement membrane, and macula densa. 
C)  basement membrane, capillary epithelium, and macula densa. 
D)  parietal layer and visceral layer. 
E)  podocytes, capillary endothelium, and basement membrane. 
A)  capillary epithelium, podocytes, and macula densa. 
B)  podocytes, basement membrane, and macula densa. 
C)  basement membrane, capillary epithelium, and macula densa. 
D)  parietal layer and visceral layer. 
E)  podocytes, capillary endothelium, and basement membrane.

Question 13

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B)  Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C)  Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D)  The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E)  The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum. 
A)  The micturition reflex is initiated by stretching the bladder wall. 
B)  Afferent signals are conducted to the sacral segments of the spinal cord by the pelvic nerves. 
C)  Efferent signals are sent to the bladder by sympathetic fibers in the pelvic nerve. 
D)  The micturition reflex usually produces a series of contractions of the urinary bladder. 
E)  The micturition reflex is modified by centers in the pons and cerebrum.

Question 14

The countercurrent multiplier system

Accepted Answer

A)  is found in the collecting duct. 
B)  is assisted by hormones. 
C)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D)  maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions and maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
A)  is found in the collecting duct. 
B)  is assisted by hormones. 
C)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions. 
D)  maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid. 
E)  has fluid flowing in parallel tubes in opposite directions and maintains the solute concentration of the medullary interstitial fluid.

Question 15

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B)  tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C)  tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D)  tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman's capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E)  tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate. 
A)  tubular secretion is a passive process; tubular reabsorption uses active transport. 
B)  tubular secretion adds materials to the filtrate; tubular reabsorption removes materials from the filtrate. 
C)  tubular reabsorption increases urine volume; tubular secretion decreases urine volume. 
D)  tubular reabsorption occurs in Bowman's capsule; tubular secretion occurs in the peritubular capillary. 
E)  tubular secretion moves materials from the filtrate into the blood; tubular reabsorption moves materials from the blood into the filtrate.

Question 16

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

Accepted Answer

A)  urea with water. 
B)  potassium with amino acids. 
C)  amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D)  glucose molecules with sodium ions. 
E)  chloride with potassium. 
A)  urea with water. 
B)  potassium with amino acids. 
C)  amino acids with bicarbonate ions. 
D)  glucose molecules with sodium ions. 
E)  chloride with potassium.

Question 17

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of

Accepted Answer

A)  urea. 
B)  water. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  chloride. 
A)  urea. 
B)  water. 
C)  sodium. 
D)  potassium. 
E)  chloride.

Question 18

Which of the following events would increase filtration pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  increase in capsular pressure 
B)  constriction of the efferent arteriole 
C)  increase in colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  decrease in renal blood flow 
E)  dilation of the efferent arteriole 
A)  increase in capsular pressure 
B)  constriction of the efferent arteriole 
C)  increase in colloid osmotic pressure 
D)  decrease in renal blood flow 
E)  dilation of the efferent arteriole

Question 19

Which of the following is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  the glomerulus 
B)  the loop of Henle 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct 
A)  the glomerulus 
B)  the loop of Henle 
C)  the distal convoluted tubule 
D)  the proximal convoluted tubule 
E)  collecting duct

Question 20

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

Accepted Answer

A)  renin. 
B)  ADH. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  angiotensin. 
A)  renin. 
B)  ADH. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  aldosterone. 
E)  angiotensin.

Exam 26: Urinary System

Plasma contains a much greater concentration of _____ than the glomerular filtrate.

Urine concentration and volume depend on water reabsorption in the

Filtrate reabsorption, which occurs regardless of the concentration and volume of urine produced, is referred to as

Urine formation involves

All of the following are located in the renal cortex, except

Arrange the following structures in correct sequence: (1) ureter (2) renal pelvis (3) calyx (4) urinary bladder (5) urethra

The proximal convoluted tubule is

Arrange the following in correct order. (1) cotransport molecule binds to sodium and glucose (2) establish sodium concentration gradient between tubular cells and tubular lumen (3) sodium and glucose moved into tubular cell (4) active transport of sodium from tubular cells to interstitial area

In which of the following locations is filtrate osmolality highest?

Some lung cancers secrete large amounts of ADH. This causes increased water reabsorption in the

Skeletal muscle that surrounds the urethra as it extends through the pelvic floor forms the

The filtration membrane consists of the

Which of the following statements concerning the micturition reflex is false?

The countercurrent multiplier system

Tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion differ in that

Substances that are cotransported into proximal convoluted tubule cells include

If extracellular fluid osmolality is 385 mOsm/kg, the kidneys will increase reabsorption of

Which of the following events would increase filtration pressure?

Which of the following is between the proximal and distal convoluted tubules?

The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes

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