Question 1

All of the synthesis reactions in the body are called

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation-reduction. 
B)  hydrolysis. 
C)  dissociation. 
D)  anabolism. 
E)  catabolism. 
A)  oxidation-reduction. 
B)  hydrolysis. 
C)  dissociation. 
D)  anabolism. 
E)  catabolism.

Question 2

A group of water molecules are held together by

Accepted Answer

A)  salt. 
B)  double covalent bonds. 
C)  polar covalent bonds. 
D)  ionic bonds. 
E)  hydrogen bonds. 
A)  salt. 
B)  double covalent bonds. 
C)  polar covalent bonds. 
D)  ionic bonds. 
E)  hydrogen bonds.

Question 3

Glycogen is the

Accepted Answer

A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  sugar found in RNA. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide. 
A)  storage carbohydrate in animals. 
B)  storage carbohydrate in plants. 
C)  sugar found in RNA. 
D)  major nutrient for most body cells. 
E)  nondigestible plant polysaccharide.

Question 4

Why is water involved in most metabolic reactions in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has a high surface tension. 
B)  It is a solute. 
C)  Its bonds are nonpolar. 
D)  It can dissolve many chemical compounds. 
E)  It can absorb and release heat without changing temperature very much. 
A)  It has a high surface tension. 
B)  It is a solute. 
C)  Its bonds are nonpolar. 
D)  It can dissolve many chemical compounds. 
E)  It can absorb and release heat without changing temperature very much.

Question 5

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  animal fat 
B)  triglyceride 
C)  sucrose 
D)  cholesterol 
E)  hemoglobin 
A)  animal fat 
B)  triglyceride 
C)  sucrose 
D)  cholesterol 
E)  hemoglobin

Question 6

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenine--a nitrogen base 
B)  calcium ions 
C)  cholesterol--a steroid 
D)  ATP 
E)  glucose--a monosaccharide 
A)  adenine--a nitrogen base 
B)  calcium ions 
C)  cholesterol--a steroid 
D)  ATP 
E)  glucose--a monosaccharide

Question 7

The primary structure of a protein is

Accepted Answer

A)  the hydrogen bonds between amino acids. 
B)  the folded, helical nature of the molecule. 
C)  represented by multiple polypeptide chains. 
D)  the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. 
E)  the number of polypeptide chains in the molecule. 
A)  the hydrogen bonds between amino acids. 
B)  the folded, helical nature of the molecule. 
C)  represented by multiple polypeptide chains. 
D)  the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. 
E)  the number of polypeptide chains in the molecule.

Question 8

A molecule is

Accepted Answer

A)  a substance that conducts electricity when placed in solution. 
B)  a positively charged ion. 
C)  an alteration in the three-dimensional structure of a protein. 
D)  a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds. 
E)  a negatively charged ion. 
A)  a substance that conducts electricity when placed in solution. 
B)  a positively charged ion. 
C)  an alteration in the three-dimensional structure of a protein. 
D)  a combination of atoms held together by chemical bonds. 
E)  a negatively charged ion.

Question 9

Potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is _____ energy.

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical 
B)  thermal 
C)  chemical 
D)  molecular 
E)  None of the above 
A)  mechanical 
B)  thermal 
C)  chemical 
D)  molecular 
E)  None of the above

Question 10

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "B" represent on the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphorus 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrogen 
D)  polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  nonpolar (hydrophobic) region 
A)  phosphorus 
B)  oxygen 
C)  nitrogen 
D)  polar (hydrophilic) region 
E)  nonpolar (hydrophobic) region

Question 11

What particle is formed when an acid loses a proton (H+)?

Accepted Answer

A)  conjugate base 
B)  buffer 
C)  conjugate acid 
D)  salt 
A)  conjugate base 
B)  buffer 
C)  conjugate acid 
D)  salt

Question 12

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of atom is found at "D"?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen atom 
B)  water molecule 
C)  polar covalent bond 
D)  hydrogen atom 
E)  hydrogen bond 
A)  oxygen atom 
B)  water molecule 
C)  polar covalent bond 
D)  hydrogen atom 
E)  hydrogen bond

Question 13

Synthesis reactions are also called catabolic reactions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The mass of a chemical equal to its molecular weight in grams, containing 6.023 x 1023 molecules is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  atomic mass unit 
B)  ion 
C)  mole 
D)  molarity 
A)  atomic mass unit 
B)  ion 
C)  mole 
D)  molarity

Question 15

Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature 
B)  concentration of reactants 
C)  presence of catalysts 
D)  presence of enzymes 
E)  All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions. 
A)  temperature 
B)  concentration of reactants 
C)  presence of catalysts 
D)  presence of enzymes 
E)  All of these factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions.

Question 16

Which of the following lists the components of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphate-sucrose-amino acid 
B)  phosphate-lipid-organic base 
C)  monosaccharide-organic base-sucrose 
D)  monosaccharide-amino acid-phosphate 
E)  phosphate-monosaccharide-organic base 
A)  phosphate-sucrose-amino acid 
B)  phosphate-lipid-organic base 
C)  monosaccharide-organic base-sucrose 
D)  monosaccharide-amino acid-phosphate 
E)  phosphate-monosaccharide-organic base

Question 17

An organic molecule such as a vitamin that makes an enzyme functional is called a/an

Accepted Answer

A)  coenzyme. 
B)  buffer. 
C)  catalyst. 
D)  coactivator. 
A)  coenzyme. 
B)  buffer. 
C)  catalyst. 
D)  coactivator.

Question 18

Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the synthesis of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP + H2O $\rightarrow$ ADP + Pi + energy 
B)  ATP + energy $\rightarrow$ ADP + H2O 
C)  ADP + Pi + energy $\rightarrow$ ATP + H2O 
D)  ATP + ADP $\rightarrow$ATP 
E)  ADP + ADP + ADP $\rightarrow$ATP + energy 
A)  ATP + H2O $\rightarrow$ ADP + Pi + energy 
B)  ATP + energy $\rightarrow$ ADP + H2O 
C)  ADP + Pi + energy $\rightarrow$ ATP + H2O 
D)  ATP + ADP $\rightarrow$ATP 
E)  ADP + ADP + ADP $\rightarrow$ATP + energy

Question 19

The importance of O2 in the human body is to extract energy (ATP) from food molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone 
B)  progesterone 
C)  bile salts 
D)  estrogen 
E)  prostaglandins 
A)  testosterone 
B)  progesterone 
C)  bile salts 
D)  estrogen 
E)  prostaglandins

Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

All of the synthesis reactions in the body are called

A group of water molecules are held together by

Glycogen is the

Why is water involved in most metabolic reactions in the human body?

Which of the following is a carbohydrate?

Which of the following is a component of a nucleotide?

The primary structure of a protein is

A molecule is

Potential energy stored in bonds of molecules is _____ energy.

-Phospholipids are important components of the plasma membrane. What does "B" represent on the diagram?

What particle is formed when an acid loses a proton (H+)?

-Water accounts for 50% of the weight of a young adult female and 60% of a young adult male. What kind of atom is found at "D"?

Synthesis reactions are also called catabolic reactions.

The mass of a chemical equal to its molecular weight in grams, containing 6.023 x 1023 molecules is a(n)

Which of the following factors will influence the rate of chemical reactions?

Which of the following lists the components of a nucleotide?

An organic molecule such as a vitamin that makes an enzyme functional is called a/an

Which of the following chemical reactions best represents the synthesis of ATP?

The importance of O2 in the human body is to extract energy (ATP) from food molecules.

Which of the following molecules is NOT made from cholesterol?

The Human Organism

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition, Metabolism, and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development, Growth, Aging, and Genetics

Filters

The mass of a chemical equal to its molecular weight in grams, containing 6.023 x 10²³ molecules is a(n)

The importance of O₂ in the human body is to extract energy (ATP) from food molecules.