Question 1

Fossils are aged by a process that examines the __________of known radioactive elements.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fossils are aged by a process that...

Question 2

Which of the following scientists was part of a pair who first discovered that cellular reactions can be catalyzed by a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Alexander Oparin 
B)  Francisco Redi 
C)  John Tyndall 
D)  Stanley Miller 
E)  Sidney Altman 
A)  Alexander Oparin 
B)  Francisco Redi 
C)  John Tyndall 
D)  Stanley Miller 
E)  Sidney Altman

Question 3

The idea that river mud left in the sun will turn into frogs illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the endosymbiont theory. 
B)  self-replication. 
C)  how prokaryotes evolve. 
D)  prebiotic evolution. 
E)  spontaneous generation. 
A)  the endosymbiont theory. 
B)  self-replication. 
C)  how prokaryotes evolve. 
D)  prebiotic evolution. 
E)  spontaneous generation.

Question 4

The modern-day group of vertebrates that bridges the evolutionary gap between land-dwelling and water-dwelling organisms is

Accepted Answer

A)  amphibians. 
B)  reptiles. 
C)  aquatic birds. 
D)  fish. 
E)  whales and dolphins. 
A)  amphibians. 
B)  reptiles. 
C)  aquatic birds. 
D)  fish. 
E)  whales and dolphins.

Question 5

Louis Pasteurʹs experiment illustrated that

Accepted Answer

A)  only some organisms can form spontaneously in nutrient broth. 
B)  some complex molecules associated with living organisms can be synthesized by heating and cooling a solution of simple molecules and providing an electric spark. 
C)  microbes will not grow in a nutrient broth that has been sterilized unless air is allowed to enter the vessel through an opening. 
D)  microbes will grow spontaneously in a nutrient broth that has been sterilized and sealed. 
E)  life began by chemical evolution. 
A)  only some organisms can form spontaneously in nutrient broth. 
B)  some complex molecules associated with living organisms can be synthesized by heating and cooling a solution of simple molecules and providing an electric spark. 
C)  microbes will not grow in a nutrient broth that has been sterilized unless air is allowed to enter the vessel through an opening. 
D)  microbes will grow spontaneously in a nutrient broth that has been sterilized and sealed. 
E)  life began by chemical evolution.

Question 6

The ʺpre-adaptationsʺ of early arthropods that allowed them to evolve into terrestrial forms were

Accepted Answer

A)  exoskeletons. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  eggs. 
D)  vertebral columns. 
E)  lungs. 
A)  exoskeletons. 
B)  kidneys. 
C)  eggs. 
D)  vertebral columns. 
E)  lungs.

Question 7

The endosymbiotic hypothesis accounts for the origin of which cell structure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell wall 
B)  Ribosome 
C)  Chloroplast 
D)  Chromosome 
E)  Plasma membrane 
A)  Cell wall 
B)  Ribosome 
C)  Chloroplast 
D)  Chromosome 
E)  Plasma membrane

Question 8

Climate change has been linked to mass extinctions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The first multicellular terrestrial organisms were

Accepted Answer

A)  plants. 
B)  reptiles. 
C)  amphibians. 
D)  fungi. 
E)  insects. 
A)  plants. 
B)  reptiles. 
C)  amphibians. 
D)  fungi. 
E)  insects.

Question 10

The earliest upright __________were in a group called australopithecines.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The earliest upright __________were in a group...

Question 11

The earliest photosynthetic organisms

Accepted Answer

A)  probably used water as a source of hydrogen. 
B)  probably did not produce oxygen. 
C)  probably used hydrogen sulfide as a source of hydrogen. 
D)  date back to the time when life first emerged on Earth. 
E)  possessed chloroplasts. 
A)  probably used water as a source of hydrogen. 
B)  probably did not produce oxygen. 
C)  probably used hydrogen sulfide as a source of hydrogen. 
D)  date back to the time when life first emerged on Earth. 
E)  possessed chloroplasts.

Question 12

About 530 million years ago, what adaptation evolved to make fish the dominant predators of the sea?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scales 
B)  Fins 
C)  Internal skeleton 
D)  Sensory organs 
E)  Jaws 
A)  Scales 
B)  Fins 
C)  Internal skeleton 
D)  Sensory organs 
E)  Jaws

Question 13

Oxygen has a negative influence on the formation of complex organic molecules because it__________ with them and changes their structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Oxygen has a negative influence on the...

Question 14

The scenario of prebiotic evolution leading to the origin of life on Earth is plausible because

Accepted Answer

A)  there was a vast period of time for simple chemicals to evolve into complex molecules found in cells that exist today. 
B)  it has been observed to occur near thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean. 
C)  experiments suggest that all of the chemical components of living cells can be formed quickly from inorganic precursors. 
D)  it has been observed under laboratory conditions. 
E)  it has been observed to occur on other planets. 
A)  there was a vast period of time for simple chemicals to evolve into complex molecules found in cells that exist today. 
B)  it has been observed to occur near thermal vents at the bottom of the ocean. 
C)  experiments suggest that all of the chemical components of living cells can be formed quickly from inorganic precursors. 
D)  it has been observed under laboratory conditions. 
E)  it has been observed to occur on other planets.

Question 15

The ʺSouthern Beechʺ tree is found in such diverse places as Australia, South Africa, and South America. People did not transplant it. How did it probably get to these widely separated locations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seeds were carried by birds. 
B)  Seeds were blown by the prevailing winds. 
C)  Glaciers split what was once a continuous, huge population of beeches. 
D)  These landmasses were once connected and later drifted apart. 
E)  The simultaneous creation of the same species occurred in different geographic locations. 
A)  Seeds were carried by birds. 
B)  Seeds were blown by the prevailing winds. 
C)  Glaciers split what was once a continuous, huge population of beeches. 
D)  These landmasses were once connected and later drifted apart. 
E)  The simultaneous creation of the same species occurred in different geographic locations.

Question 16

Amphibians assumed to have evolved from

Accepted Answer

A)  arthropods. 
B)  lobefin fish. 
C)  reptiles. 
D)  mollusks. 
E)  segmented worm. 
A)  arthropods. 
B)  lobefin fish. 
C)  reptiles. 
D)  mollusks. 
E)  segmented worm.

Question 17

It has been proposed that large brains evolved in Homo species because

Accepted Answer

A)  large brains allowed better visual acuity, which was favored by natural selection. 
B)  genetic drift increased the frequency of large-brained alleles. 
C)  natural selection favored large-brained individuals because they were better in social interactions. 
D)  large-brained individuals were better able to outwit and escape predators. 
E)  evolution of a large brain was a consequence of evolution of overall larger body size. 
A)  large brains allowed better visual acuity, which was favored by natural selection. 
B)  genetic drift increased the frequency of large-brained alleles. 
C)  natural selection favored large-brained individuals because they were better in social interactions. 
D)  large-brained individuals were better able to outwit and escape predators. 
E)  evolution of a large brain was a consequence of evolution of overall larger body size.

Question 18

RNA molecules that function as enzymes

Accepted Answer

A)  developed from protein-based enzymes. 
B)  form primitive cells. 
C)  duplicate lipid molecules. 
D)  degrade proteins. 
E)  are called ribozymes. 
A)  developed from protein-based enzymes. 
B)  form primitive cells. 
C)  duplicate lipid molecules. 
D)  degrade proteins. 
E)  are called ribozymes.

Question 19

Some of the organic molecules on early Earth came from outer space.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Homo heidelbergensis is believed to be the ancestor species of

Accepted Answer

A)  Homo sapiens. 
B)  Homo neanderthalensis. 
C)  Homo ergaster. 
D)  Homo ergaster and Homo sapiens. 
E)  Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens. 
A)  Homo sapiens. 
B)  Homo neanderthalensis. 
C)  Homo ergaster. 
D)  Homo ergaster and Homo sapiens. 
E)  Homo neanderthalensis and Homo sapiens.

Exam 18: The History of Life

Fossils are aged by a process that examines the __________of known radioactive elements.

Which of the following scientists was part of a pair who first discovered that cellular reactions can be catalyzed by a ribozyme?

The idea that river mud left in the sun will turn into frogs illustrates

The modern-day group of vertebrates that bridges the evolutionary gap between land-dwelling and water-dwelling organisms is

Louis Pasteurʹs experiment illustrated that

The ʺpre-adaptationsʺ of early arthropods that allowed them to evolve into terrestrial forms were

The endosymbiotic hypothesis accounts for the origin of which cell structure?

Climate change has been linked to mass extinctions.

The first multicellular terrestrial organisms were

The earliest upright __________were in a group called australopithecines.

The earliest photosynthetic organisms

About 530 million years ago, what adaptation evolved to make fish the dominant predators of the sea?

Oxygen has a negative influence on the formation of complex organic molecules because it__________ with them and changes their structure.

The scenario of prebiotic evolution leading to the origin of life on Earth is plausible because

The ʺSouthern Beechʺ tree is found in such diverse places as Australia, South Africa, and South America. People did not transplant it. How did it probably get to these widely separated locations?

Amphibians assumed to have evolved from

It has been proposed that large brains evolved in Homo species because

RNA molecules that function as enzymes

Some of the organic molecules on early Earth came from outer space.

Homo heidelbergensis is believed to be the ancestor species of

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

Nutrition and Digestion

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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