Question 1

Which of the following is a gastric enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipase 
B)  Pepsin 
C)  Bile 
D)  Amylase 
E)  Sodium bicarbonate 
A)  Lipase 
B)  Pepsin 
C)  Bile 
D)  Amylase 
E)  Sodium bicarbonate

Question 2

A 50-year-old woman visits her doctor with complaints of bruises that will not heal. Her doctor has had her on long-term antibiotic treatment to control some chronic infections. Which of the following explains how her antibiotic treatment is related to her bruising?

Accepted Answer

A)  The antibiotics have destroyed the ʺgoodʺ bacteria in her large intestine that produce vitamin K, which is important for proper blood clotting. 
B)  The antibiotics have traveled to her liver and are now preventing the liver from producing proteins that circulate in the blood and help with clotting. 
C)  She is malnourished because the antibiotics have destroyed the ʺgoodʺ bacteria in her digestive system that are responsible for producing the digestive enzymes that she needs to break down her food. 
D)  The antibiotics weaken the cells lining her capillaries, causing them to leak blood into the surrounding tissues. 
A)  The antibiotics have destroyed the ʺgoodʺ bacteria in her large intestine that produce vitamin K, which is important for proper blood clotting. 
B)  The antibiotics have traveled to her liver and are now preventing the liver from producing proteins that circulate in the blood and help with clotting. 
C)  She is malnourished because the antibiotics have destroyed the ʺgoodʺ bacteria in her digestive system that are responsible for producing the digestive enzymes that she needs to break down her food. 
D)  The antibiotics weaken the cells lining her capillaries, causing them to leak blood into the surrounding tissues.

Question 3

Which vitamin plays a major role in blood clotting?

Accepted Answer

A)  D 
B)  A 
C)  B12 
D)  B1 (thiamin) 
E)  K 
A)  D 
B)  A 
C)  B12 
D)  B1 (thiamin) 
E)  K

Question 4

Which part of the digestive tract has the lowest pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pancreas 
B)  Large intestine 
C)  Small intestine 
D)  Rectum 
E)  Stomach 
A)  Pancreas 
B)  Large intestine 
C)  Small intestine 
D)  Rectum 
E)  Stomach

Question 5

Wolves, seals, and cats have enlarged canines and molars designed for shearing rather than grinding or chewing. How would you classify these animals on the basis of the type of teeth they possess?

Accepted Answer

A)  Herbivores 
B)  Omnivores 
C)  Ruminants 
D)  Carnivores 
A)  Herbivores 
B)  Omnivores 
C)  Ruminants 
D)  Carnivores

Question 6

An essential nutrient is one that

Accepted Answer

A)  is required in large amounts. 
B)  cannot be made by the organism. 
C)  can be found only in animal products. 
D)  is used for energy storage. 
A)  is required in large amounts. 
B)  cannot be made by the organism. 
C)  can be found only in animal products. 
D)  is used for energy storage.

Question 7

Explain why pancreatic juice is important in the digestive process.

Accepted Answer

Pancreatic juice neutralizes t

Question 8

Ruminants

Accepted Answer

A)  have a two-chambered stomach. 
B)  harbor symbiotic microorganisms that digest cellulose. 
C)  have a very short small intestine. 
D)  are obligate meat-eaters, or carnivores. 
E)  rely on a muscular gizzard to grind their food. 
A)  have a two-chambered stomach. 
B)  harbor symbiotic microorganisms that digest cellulose. 
C)  have a very short small intestine. 
D)  are obligate meat-eaters, or carnivores. 
E)  rely on a muscular gizzard to grind their food.

Question 9

This figure illustrates the lining of the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  esophagus. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  pharynx. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  stomach. 
C)  esophagus. 
D)  large intestine. 
E)  pharynx.

Question 10

An anorexic person

Accepted Answer

A)  eats very little food. 
B)  is usually overweight. 
C)  has a bacterial infection in the stomach. 
D)  is usually treated with antibiotics. 
E)  eats a meal and then vomits. 
A)  eats very little food. 
B)  is usually overweight. 
C)  has a bacterial infection in the stomach. 
D)  is usually treated with antibiotics. 
E)  eats a meal and then vomits.

Question 11

A shipworm is an animal that subsists entirely on a diet of wood. What digestive feature is this animal likely to have in order to survive on this highly specialized diet?

Accepted Answer

A)  A three-chambered stomach 
B)  Intracellular digestion 
C)  Large amounts of proteases and lipases 
D)  Symbiotic microorganisms that produce cellulose-digesting enzymes 
E)  A gastrovascular cavity 
A)  A three-chambered stomach 
B)  Intracellular digestion 
C)  Large amounts of proteases and lipases 
D)  Symbiotic microorganisms that produce cellulose-digesting enzymes 
E)  A gastrovascular cavity

Question 12

Cancer patients who receive radiation treatment or chemotherapy often slough off their most rapidly dividing body cells, such as those in the hair follicles and those lining the gastrointestinal tract. This results in much of the pain, fatigue, and other complications associated with the cancer treatment. Understandably, some loss of hair is expected when undergoing such procedures. Which of the following would you also expect to occur with cancer treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Excess mucus production in the airways 
B)  Elevated lipid and glucose levels in the blood 
C)  Constipation due to excessive water reabsorption 
D)  High blood pressure 
E)  Reduced nutrient absorption and subsequent weakness 
A)  Excess mucus production in the airways 
B)  Elevated lipid and glucose levels in the blood 
C)  Constipation due to excessive water reabsorption 
D)  High blood pressure 
E)  Reduced nutrient absorption and subsequent weakness

Question 13

In most animals, digestion occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellularly, through collar cells. 
B)  intracellularly, through simple absorption. 
C)  extracellularly, within a cavity that is open at both ends. 
D)  extracellularly, within a gastrovascular cavity. 
E)  extracellularly, within the circulatory system. 
A)  intracellularly, through collar cells. 
B)  intracellularly, through simple absorption. 
C)  extracellularly, within a cavity that is open at both ends. 
D)  extracellularly, within a gastrovascular cavity. 
E)  extracellularly, within the circulatory system.

Question 14

Bile is made by the ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bile is made by the ______....

Question 15

Which of the following nutrients would yield the most energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins 
B)  Minerals 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Lipids 
E)  Vitamins 
A)  Proteins 
B)  Minerals 
C)  Carbohydrates 
D)  Lipids 
E)  Vitamins

Question 16

Vitamin K is required for

Accepted Answer

A)  night vision. 
B)  collagen synthesis. 
C)  energy metabolism. 
D)  blood clotting. 
E)  proper kidney function. 
A)  night vision. 
B)  collagen synthesis. 
C)  energy metabolism. 
D)  blood clotting. 
E)  proper kidney function.

Question 17

The small intestine is the principal site of both digestion and nutrient absorption.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

You eat 25 potato chips, which contain 10 grams of carbohydrate (potato) and 10 grams of fat. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  about half your calories are from fat and half from carbohydrate. 
B)  all of the calories are from fat. 
C)  about 40 Calories are from fat and 90 Calories are from carbohydrate. 
D)  all of the calories are from carbohydrate. 
E)  about 90 Calories are from fat and 40 Calories are from carbohydrate. 
A)  about half your calories are from fat and half from carbohydrate. 
B)  all of the calories are from fat. 
C)  about 40 Calories are from fat and 90 Calories are from carbohydrate. 
D)  all of the calories are from carbohydrate. 
E)  about 90 Calories are from fat and 40 Calories are from carbohydrate.

Question 19

A _________person has the highest energy expenditure at rest.

Accepted Answer

A)  very physically active, muscular 
B)  moderately physically active 
C)  very sedentary, overweight 
D)  moderately sedentary 
A)  very physically active, muscular 
B)  moderately physically active 
C)  very sedentary, overweight 
D)  moderately sedentary

Question 20

Which of these enzymes catalyzes the breakdown of starch (a polysaccharide)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lipase 
B)  Peptidase 
C)  Bile 
D)  Amylase 
E)  Pepsin 
A)  Lipase 
B)  Peptidase 
C)  Bile 
D)  Amylase 
E)  Pepsin

Exam 35: Nutrition and Digestion

Which of the following is a gastric enzyme that breaks down proteins into peptides?

A 50-year-old woman visits her doctor with complaints of bruises that will not heal. Her doctor has had her on long-term antibiotic treatment to control some chronic infections. Which of the following explains how her antibiotic treatment is related to her bruising?

Which vitamin plays a major role in blood clotting?

Which part of the digestive tract has the lowest pH?

Wolves, seals, and cats have enlarged canines and molars designed for shearing rather than grinding or chewing. How would you classify these animals on the basis of the type of teeth they possess?

An essential nutrient is one that

Explain why pancreatic juice is important in the digestive process.

Ruminants

This figure illustrates the lining of the

An anorexic person

A shipworm is an animal that subsists entirely on a diet of wood. What digestive feature is this animal likely to have in order to survive on this highly specialized diet?

In most animals, digestion occurs

Bile is made by the ______.

Which of the following nutrients would yield the most energy per gram?

Vitamin K is required for

The small intestine is the principal site of both digestion and nutrient absorption.

You eat 25 potato chips, which contain 10 grams of carbohydrate (potato) and 10 grams of fat. This means that

A _________person has the highest energy expenditure at rest.

Which of these enzymes catalyzes the breakdown of starch (a polysaccharide)?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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