Question 1

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding a gastrovascular cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Digestion is unnecessary because of the small size of the particles absorbed. 
B)  Ingestion and elimination occur through a single opening. 
C)  Absorption occurs within collar cells. 
D)  Digestion is exclusively intracellular. 
E)  Digestion occurs in specialized chambers. 
A)  Digestion is unnecessary because of the small size of the particles absorbed. 
B)  Ingestion and elimination occur through a single opening. 
C)  Absorption occurs within collar cells. 
D)  Digestion is exclusively intracellular. 
E)  Digestion occurs in specialized chambers.

Question 2

Digestion begins in the

Accepted Answer

A)  pharynx. 
B)  colon. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  stomach. 
E)  small intestine. 
A)  pharynx. 
B)  colon. 
C)  mouth. 
D)  stomach. 
E)  small intestine.

Question 3

Your roommate tells you that because she has no time to eat healthy foods, she is taking megadoses of vitamins. You warn her that this may be dangerous, because certain vitamins can accumulate in body fat. Megadoses of which of the following vitamins would be most likely to cause toxic effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin E 
B)  Thiamin 
C)  Vitamin C 
D)  Folic acid 
A)  Vitamin E 
B)  Thiamin 
C)  Vitamin C 
D)  Folic acid

Question 4

Which of these dietary changes should I make following surgery to remove my gallbladder? ( Hint: How does the gallbladder assist in digestion?)

Accepted Answer

A)  Increase my intake of water 
B)  Decrease my consumption of fats 
C)  Increase my consumption of protein 
D)  Increase my consumption of fats 
E)  Decrease my consumption of protein 
A)  Increase my intake of water 
B)  Decrease my consumption of fats 
C)  Increase my consumption of protein 
D)  Increase my consumption of fats 
E)  Decrease my consumption of protein

Question 5

The activity of which of the following digestive enzymes will be affected by the regular consumption of antacids following a meal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cellulase 
B)  Lipase 
C)  Sucrase 
D)  Amylase 
E)  Pepsin 
A)  Cellulase 
B)  Lipase 
C)  Sucrase 
D)  Amylase 
E)  Pepsin

Question 6

Describe the specialized digestive system that enables ruminants, such as cows, to live on a diet of grass.

Accepted Answer

Ruminants have a multichambered stomach

Question 7

Sodium and potassium are minerals that are important in

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle contraction and nerve impulse conduction. 
B)  the replication of DNA. 
C)  blood clotting. 
D)  the production of hemoglobin. 
E)  the development of strong bones and teeth. 
A)  muscle contraction and nerve impulse conduction. 
B)  the replication of DNA. 
C)  blood clotting. 
D)  the production of hemoglobin. 
E)  the development of strong bones and teeth.

Question 8

Different species of animals have very different nutritional requirements and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) specializations, depending on their primary diets. For example, carnivorous animals have relatively short small intestines, fast gut passage rates, and high protein requirements, in accordance with the high-protein, easily digested prey they consume. Based on your knowledge of nutrition and digestion and on the example provided in this scenario, what do you conclude about ruminants, which eat low-protein, difficult-to-digest plant leaves?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have normal nutritional requirements but extremely short GITs and fast gut passage rates to maximize the amount of food passing through the GIT. 
B)  Their GITs and nutritional requirements are similar to those of carnivores, and they must also eat some animal prey to obtain enough dietary protein. 
C)  They have reduced protein requirements, long GITs, and slow gut passage rates to extract as many nutrients as possible from their diet. 
D)  They have reduced protein requirements but GITs and gut passage rates similar to those of carnivores. 
A)  They have normal nutritional requirements but extremely short GITs and fast gut passage rates to maximize the amount of food passing through the GIT. 
B)  Their GITs and nutritional requirements are similar to those of carnivores, and they must also eat some animal prey to obtain enough dietary protein. 
C)  They have reduced protein requirements, long GITs, and slow gut passage rates to extract as many nutrients as possible from their diet. 
D)  They have reduced protein requirements but GITs and gut passage rates similar to those of carnivores.

Question 9

How does the highly acidic fluid in the stomach become slightly basic almost immediately upon entry into the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  The acids in this fluid remain in the stomach and only the partially digested food enters the small intestine. 
B)  The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the sodium bicarbonate secreted from the pancreas. 
C)  The acids are absorbed by the small intestine as soon as they leave the stomach. 
D)  The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the amylase secreted from the pancreas. 
A)  The acids in this fluid remain in the stomach and only the partially digested food enters the small intestine. 
B)  The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the sodium bicarbonate secreted from the pancreas. 
C)  The acids are absorbed by the small intestine as soon as they leave the stomach. 
D)  The acids in this fluid are neutralized by the amylase secreted from the pancreas.

Question 10

Digested fats are packaged into_________ , which are too big to enter blood capillaries and so have to diffuse into lacteals, where fats enter the lymph and are transported within the lymphatic system.

Accepted Answer

A)  lipases 
B)  micelles 
C)  bile salts 
D)  chyme 
E)  chylomicrons 
A)  lipases 
B)  micelles 
C)  bile salts 
D)  chyme 
E)  chylomicrons

Question 11

The stomach differs from the small intestine in that it

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes hormones that travel through the bloodstream. 
B)  secretes enzymes. 
C)  produces enzymes that work best at a low pH. 
D)  does not secrete mucus. 
E)  has tiny projections called villi that are folded into microvilli. 
A)  secretes hormones that travel through the bloodstream. 
B)  secretes enzymes. 
C)  produces enzymes that work best at a low pH. 
D)  does not secrete mucus. 
E)  has tiny projections called villi that are folded into microvilli.

Question 12

Imagine you are a family physician. You see an 18 -year-old with a lower-than-normal body weight and teeth that have been eroded by acid. Your diagnosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  bulimia. 
B)  ulcer of the small intestine. 
C)  anorexia. 
D)  liver failure. 
E)  pancreatitis. 
A)  bulimia. 
B)  ulcer of the small intestine. 
C)  anorexia. 
D)  liver failure. 
E)  pancreatitis.

Question 13

When you swallow, you set in motion a series of wavelike muscle contractions that are collectively called ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When you swallow, you set in motion...

Question 14

If you chew on a piece of bread long enough, it will begin to taste sweet because

Accepted Answer

A)  lipases are forming fatty acids. 
B)  proteases are forming amino acids. 
C)  maltase is breaking down maltose. 
D)  amylase is breaking down starches into disaccharides. 
E)  disaccharidases are forming glucose. 
A)  lipases are forming fatty acids. 
B)  proteases are forming amino acids. 
C)  maltase is breaking down maltose. 
D)  amylase is breaking down starches into disaccharides. 
E)  disaccharidases are forming glucose.

Question 15

Which nutrients provide energy for animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins 
B)  Carbohydrates and fats 
C)  Fats and proteins 
D)  Carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids 
E)  Carbohydrates and proteins 
A)  Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins 
B)  Carbohydrates and fats 
C)  Fats and proteins 
D)  Carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids 
E)  Carbohydrates and proteins

Question 16

You awaken to discover your alarm clock failed to ring. You just might be able to make it to class on time if you leave immediately (skip breakfast) and sprint to reach the lecture hall two blocks away. What energy source is most likely being used to fuel your activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fat 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Phospholipid 
D)  Protein 
E)  Cellulose 
A)  Fat 
B)  Glycogen 
C)  Phospholipid 
D)  Protein 
E)  Cellulose

Question 17

Which of the following can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polysaccharides 
B)  Large proteins 
C)  Fats 
D)  Triglycerides 
E)  Amino acids 
A)  Polysaccharides 
B)  Large proteins 
C)  Fats 
D)  Triglycerides 
E)  Amino acids

Question 18

Bacteria in the large intestine are able to manufacture

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C. 
B)  vitamin K. 
C)  vitamin A. 
D)  some minerals. 
A)  vitamin C. 
B)  vitamin K. 
C)  vitamin A. 
D)  some minerals.

Question 19

Women who become pregnant are encouraged to take supplements of because a deficiency in this nutrient can cause birth defects.

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin C 
B)  folic acid 
C)  vitamin K 
D)  choline 
E)  biotin 
A)  vitamin C 
B)  folic acid 
C)  vitamin K 
D)  choline 
E)  biotin

Question 20

Which of the following structures has both a digestive and a respiratory role?

Accepted Answer

A)  Larynx 
B)  Pharynx 
C)  Nose 
D)  Stomach 
E)  Esophagus 
A)  Larynx 
B)  Pharynx 
C)  Nose 
D)  Stomach 
E)  Esophagus

Exam 35: Nutrition and Digestion

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding a gastrovascular cavity?

Digestion begins in the

Your roommate tells you that because she has no time to eat healthy foods, she is taking megadoses of vitamins. You warn her that this may be dangerous, because certain vitamins can accumulate in body fat. Megadoses of which of the following vitamins would be most likely to cause toxic effects?

Which of these dietary changes should I make following surgery to remove my gallbladder? ( Hint: How does the gallbladder assist in digestion?)

The activity of which of the following digestive enzymes will be affected by the regular consumption of antacids following a meal?

Describe the specialized digestive system that enables ruminants, such as cows, to live on a diet of grass.

Sodium and potassium are minerals that are important in

How does the highly acidic fluid in the stomach become slightly basic almost immediately upon entry into the small intestine?

Digested fats are packaged into_________ , which are too big to enter blood capillaries and so have to diffuse into lacteals, where fats enter the lymph and are transported within the lymphatic system.

The stomach differs from the small intestine in that it

Imagine you are a family physician. You see an 18 -year-old with a lower-than-normal body weight and teeth that have been eroded by acid. Your diagnosis is

When you swallow, you set in motion a series of wavelike muscle contractions that are collectively called ___________.

If you chew on a piece of bread long enough, it will begin to taste sweet because

Which nutrients provide energy for animals?

You awaken to discover your alarm clock failed to ring. You just might be able to make it to class on time if you leave immediately (skip breakfast) and sprint to reach the lecture hall two blocks away. What energy source is most likely being used to fuel your activity?

Which of the following can be absorbed directly into the bloodstream?

Bacteria in the large intestine are able to manufacture

Women who become pregnant are encouraged to take supplements of because a deficiency in this nutrient can cause birth defects.

Which of the following structures has both a digestive and a respiratory role?

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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