Question 1

Which of the following produces the cellulose-digesting enzyme (cellulase) in a cowʹs digestive tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gallbladder 
B)  Pancreas 
C)  Liver 
D)  Microorganisms in the rumen 
E)  Cells lining the small intestine 
A)  Gallbladder 
B)  Pancreas 
C)  Liver 
D)  Microorganisms in the rumen 
E)  Cells lining the small intestine

Question 2

Based on the nutritional label in this figure, which of the following is needed in the greatest quantity (or activity) to thoroughly digest this food?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bile 
B)  Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes 
C)  Lipases 
D)  Proteases 
E)  Peptidases 
A)  Bile 
B)  Carbohydrate-digesting enzymes 
C)  Lipases 
D)  Proteases 
E)  Peptidases

Question 3

What structure prevents swallowed material from passing into the larynx?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tongue 
B)  Glottis 
C)  Epiglottis 
D)  Pyloris 
E)  Pharynx 
A)  Tongue 
B)  Glottis 
C)  Epiglottis 
D)  Pyloris 
E)  Pharynx

Question 4

Which nutrient is synthesized and stored in the liver and muscles of animals and is used as a source of quick energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Starch 
B)  Protein 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Fat 
E)  Calcium 
A)  Starch 
B)  Protein 
C)  Glycogen 
D)  Fat 
E)  Calcium

Question 5

The ability of the blood to transport oxygen is greatly reduced in individuals who have a dietary deficiency of this mineral.

Accepted Answer

A)  Zinc 
B)  Iron 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Potassium 
E)  Sodium 
A)  Zinc 
B)  Iron 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Potassium 
E)  Sodium

Question 6

The bacterium shown to be associated with the majority of gastric ulcers is

Accepted Answer

A)  Helicobacter pylori. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Streptococcus lactis. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
A)  Helicobacter pylori. 
B)  Escherichia coli. 
C)  Streptococcus lactis. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
E)  Streptococcus pyogenes.

Question 7

With the widespread public interest in low-fat food, some companies have started to use synthetic fats that cannot be broken down and absorbed by the digestive system. What problem might be associated with a typical American diet that includes large amounts of these synthetic fats?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein deficiency 
B)  Obesity 
C)  Anorexia 
D)  Vitamin K deficiency 
E)  Vitamin C deficiency 
A)  Protein deficiency 
B)  Obesity 
C)  Anorexia 
D)  Vitamin K deficiency 
E)  Vitamin C deficiency

Question 8

All of the following structures are found in the digestive system of birds EXCEPT a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  esophagus. 
B)  crop. 
C)  gizzard. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  abomasum. 
A)  esophagus. 
B)  crop. 
C)  gizzard. 
D)  small intestine. 
E)  abomasum.

Question 9

The cells lining the small intestine have projections into the lumen of the intestine. These projections, combined with the highly folded layering of cells lining the lumen, function to

Accepted Answer

A)  facilitate countercurrent exchange. 
B)  slow the nerve impulses that trigger peristalsis. 
C)  decrease the reabsorption of water. 
D)  increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. 
E)  increase the rate of peristalsis. 
A)  facilitate countercurrent exchange. 
B)  slow the nerve impulses that trigger peristalsis. 
C)  decrease the reabsorption of water. 
D)  increase the surface area for nutrient absorption. 
E)  increase the rate of peristalsis.

Question 10

What type of digestion takes place inside the mouth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chemical digestion only 
B)  Mechanical and chemical digestion 
C)  Absorption only 
D)  Ingestion only 
E)  Mechanical digestion only 
A)  Chemical digestion only 
B)  Mechanical and chemical digestion 
C)  Absorption only 
D)  Ingestion only 
E)  Mechanical digestion only

Question 11

Which of the following is responsible for stimulating the release of pancreatic juice into the small intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Leptin 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Ghrelin 
E)  Pepsin 
A)  Leptin 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Ghrelin 
E)  Pepsin

Question 12

The large intestine is the longest part of the digestive tract.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Most chemical digestion occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  small intestine. 
B)  large intestine. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  esophagus. 
E)  mouth. 
A)  small intestine. 
B)  large intestine. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  esophagus. 
E)  mouth.

Question 14

The pH of the digestive tract is

Accepted Answer

A)  acidic in the stomach and neutral in the intestines. 
B)  basic in the stomach and acidic throughout the rest of the tract. 
C)  low throughout. 
D)  neutral throughout. 
E)  high throughout. 
A)  acidic in the stomach and neutral in the intestines. 
B)  basic in the stomach and acidic throughout the rest of the tract. 
C)  low throughout. 
D)  neutral throughout. 
E)  high throughout.

Question 15

Minerals required for bone formation include

Accepted Answer

A)  iron and sodium. 
B)  calcium and sodium. 
C)  calcium and zinc. 
D)  calcium and phosphorus. 
E)  zinc and potassium. 
A)  iron and sodium. 
B)  calcium and sodium. 
C)  calcium and zinc. 
D)  calcium and phosphorus. 
E)  zinc and potassium.

Question 16

Briefly discuss the major advantages of fats as energy -storage molecules.

Accepted Answer

Fats are the most concentrated energy so

Question 17

Which of the following vitamins is an essential nutrient in humans that cannot be synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biotin 
B)  Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 
C)  Folic acid 
D)  Vitamin K 
E)  Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) 
A)  Biotin 
B)  Vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid) 
C)  Folic acid 
D)  Vitamin K 
E)  Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 18

Which hormone stimulates the activity of gastric glands?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pepsinogen 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Secretin 
A)  Pepsinogen 
B)  Gastrin 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Secretin

Question 19

Fats and oils contain more energy per gram than proteins or carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

All of the following statements regarding proteins are true EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency. 
B)  they are the primary components of muscle, connective tissue, nails, and hair. 
C)  some act as receptors on cell membranes. 
D)  humans can synthesize all of the amino acids needed to make proteins. 
E)  most enzymes are proteins. 
A)  kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency. 
B)  they are the primary components of muscle, connective tissue, nails, and hair. 
C)  some act as receptors on cell membranes. 
D)  humans can synthesize all of the amino acids needed to make proteins. 
E)  most enzymes are proteins.

Exam 35: Nutrition and Digestion

Which of the following produces the cellulose-digesting enzyme (cellulase) in a cowʹs digestive tract?

Based on the nutritional label in this figure, which of the following is needed in the greatest quantity (or activity) to thoroughly digest this food?

What structure prevents swallowed material from passing into the larynx?

Which nutrient is synthesized and stored in the liver and muscles of animals and is used as a source of quick energy?

The ability of the blood to transport oxygen is greatly reduced in individuals who have a dietary deficiency of this mineral.

The bacterium shown to be associated with the majority of gastric ulcers is

With the widespread public interest in low-fat food, some companies have started to use synthetic fats that cannot be broken down and absorbed by the digestive system. What problem might be associated with a typical American diet that includes large amounts of these synthetic fats?

All of the following structures are found in the digestive system of birds EXCEPT a(n)

The cells lining the small intestine have projections into the lumen of the intestine. These projections, combined with the highly folded layering of cells lining the lumen, function to

What type of digestion takes place inside the mouth?

Which of the following is responsible for stimulating the release of pancreatic juice into the small intestine?

The large intestine is the longest part of the digestive tract.

Most chemical digestion occurs in the

The pH of the digestive tract is

Minerals required for bone formation include

Briefly discuss the major advantages of fats as energy -storage molecules.

Which of the following vitamins is an essential nutrient in humans that cannot be synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

Which hormone stimulates the activity of gastric glands?

Fats and oils contain more energy per gram than proteins or carbohydrates.

All of the following statements regarding proteins are true EXCEPT

An Introduction to Life on Earth

Atoms, Molecules, and Life

Biological Molecules

Cell Structure and Function

Cell Membrane Structure and Function

Energy Flow in the Life of a Cell

Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

Cellular Reproduction

Meiosis: the Basis of Sexual Reproduction

Patterns of Inheritance

DNA: The Molecule of Heredity

Gene Expression and Regulation

Biotechnology

Principles of Evolution

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

The History of Life

Systematics: Seeking Order Amid Diversity

The Diversity of Prokaryotes and Viruses

The Diversity of Protists

The Diversity of Plants

The Diversity of Fungi

Animal Diversity I: Invertebrates

Animal Diversity Ii: Vertebrates

Animal Behavior

Population Growth and Regulation

Community Interactions

Energy Flow and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems

Earths Diverse Ecosystems

Conserving Earths Biodiversity

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body

Circulation

Respiration

The Urinary System

Defenses Against Disease

Chemical Control of the Animal Body: the Endocrine System

The Nervous System

The Senses

Action and Support: the Muscles and Skeleton

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Plant Anatomy and Nutrient Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Plant Responses to the Environment

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