Exam 17: Processes of Evolution

What accounts for the fact that polydactylism is prevalent and Tay-Sachs disease is virtually absent in one human population in the United States, while Tay-Sachs disease is prevalent and polydactylism is virtually absent in another?

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -two lineages that emerge from a node on a cladogram

Microevolution within a population is least likely to be influenced by ____.

-Stabilizing selection is depicted in the set of diagrams labeled ____.

A fire devastates all trees in a wide swath of forest. Populations of a species of tree-dwelling frog on either side of the burned area diverge to become separate species. This is an example of _____.

What is an evolutionary adaptation of an existing structure for a completely new purpose (e.g., feathers for insulation or for flight)?

Match the event with the most appropriate term. -Which process can rapidly offset the effects of genetic isolation when two populations come into secondary contact?

Some closely related species do not interbreed simply because the timing of their reproduction differs. What type of reproductive isolation is this?

The poison warfarin was once the most popular form of rat control. Eventually warfarin-resistant rat populations emerged so people stopped using warfarin for rat control. Since then, the frequency of warfarin-resistant rats has once again declined. What may be the reason for this?

-A finch species has evolved to have two types of beaks, small or large. There are no birds with medium-sized beaks. This mode of natural selection is represented by which letter(s) in the accompanying figure?

Match the event with the most appropriate term. -a beetle lineage that rapidly diversified into several new species after the development of an adaptation for feeding on flowering plants

The 30-cm floral tube of the flower Angraecum and the 35-cm proboscis of its hawk moth pollinator are the result of ____.

Sympatric speciation through polyploidy has been a frequent phenomenon in the evolution of ____.

Males are often more colorful, larger, and more aggressive than females. What is the term for these types of differences between the sexes?

Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are a modern health concern. Namely, the overuse of antibiotics has promoted the survival of bacteria with alleles that allow resistance. This is an example of ____ selection.

Match the event with the most appropriate term. -different species of shrimp evolving on either side of the Isthmus of Panama

Two or more alleles of a gene are circulating at relatively high frequency in a population's gene pool. What term describes this state?

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -a diagram that shows evolutionary connections among groups

In a certain bird species, clutch size (the number of eggs laid by a female in one breeding season) ranges from four to eight, and the most frequent clutch size is six. This phenomenon is an example of ____ selection.

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -quantifiable, heritable characteristic or trait