Question 1

Match the following terms with the best description.
-an atom's ability to pull electrons away from another atom

Accepted Answer

A) compound 
B) polarity 
C) electronegativity 
D) ion 
A) compound 
B) polarity 
C) electronegativity 
D) ion

Question 2

Sodium (Na) atoms often lose the single electron that is in their outermost shell. How does losing the electron affect sodium's charge?

Accepted Answer

A) It becomes neutral. 
B) It becomes positively charged. 
C) It becomes negatively charged. 
D) Its electronegativity increases. 
E) Its charge is not affected by the loss of an electron. 
A) It becomes neutral. 
B) It becomes positively charged. 
C) It becomes negatively charged. 
D) Its electronegativity increases. 
E) Its charge is not affected by the loss of an electron.

Question 3

Which type of chemical bond joins the oxygen (atomic number 8) and carbon (atomic number 6) atoms in carbon dioxide (CO2)?

Accepted Answer

A) single covalent 
B) double covalent 
C) triple covalent 
D) ionic 
E) hydrogen 
A) single covalent 
B) double covalent 
C) triple covalent 
D) ionic 
E) hydrogen

Question 4

Match the chemical bond descriptions with the type of bond listed below. Each answer may be used more than once.
-single, double, or triple bonds can exist between two atoms

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond 
A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond

Question 5

Match the following terms with the best description.
-a charged atom

Accepted Answer

A) compound 
B) polarity 
C) electronegativity 
D) ion 
A) compound 
B) polarity 
C) electronegativity 
D) ion

Question 6

Carbon has several isotopes including 12C and 14C. These isotopes differ in the number of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) electrons only 
B) neutrons only 
C) protons only 
D) electrons and protons 
E) protons and neutrons 
A) electrons only 
B) neutrons only 
C) protons only 
D) electrons and protons 
E) protons and neutrons

Question 7

Due to their instability, free radicals ____.

Accepted Answer

A) are excellent solvents in biological systems 
B) are excellent buffers in biological systems 
C) forcibly donate or remove electrons from other molecules 
D) can be used as tracers for clinical diagnostic procedures 
E) will readily form ionic bonds with polar ions 
A) are excellent solvents in biological systems 
B) are excellent buffers in biological systems 
C) forcibly donate or remove electrons from other molecules 
D) can be used as tracers for clinical diagnostic procedures 
E) will readily form ionic bonds with polar ions

Question 8

An atom of which element possesses electrons in only the first and second energy levels? (The number in parentheses indicates the number of electrons in an atom of that element.)

Accepted Answer

A) sodium (11) 
B) magnesium (12) 
C) chlorine (17) 
D) neon (10) 
E) argon (18) 
A) sodium (11) 
B) magnesium (12) 
C) chlorine (17) 
D) neon (10) 
E) argon (18)

Question 9

What is the pH of a solution in which the number of H+ ions equals the number of OH- ions?

Accepted Answer

A) 0-2 
B) 3-6 
C) 7 
D) 8-10 
E) 11-14 
A) 0-2 
B) 3-6 
C) 7 
D) 8-10 
E) 11-14

Question 10

Explain why atoms such as helium (atomic number 2), neon (atomic number 10), and argon (atomic number 18) do not react with other atoms.

Accepted Answer

In these atoms, the outermost

Question 11

Match the terms with their most suitable description.
-atomic number

Accepted Answer

A) number of protons > number of electrons B) number of protons in the atomic nucleus C) polar; easily dissolves in water D) number of protons < number of electrons E) number of protons = number of electrons F)measure of molecular motion G)number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus A) number of protons > number of electrons B) number of protons in the atomic nucleus C) polar; easily dissolves in water D) number of protons < number of electrons E) number of protons = number of electrons F)measure of molecular motion G)number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus

Question 12

Why is pH stability important for homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) There is no mechanism for buffering pH changes in blood. 
B) Excess H+ disrupts hydrogen bonds, thereby destroying the cohesion between water molecules. 
C) Buffers can only work properly within a narrow pH range. 
D) Most biological molecules function optimally only within a narrow pH range. 
E) Excess H+ facilitates hydrogen bonds, which disrupt the structural integrity of biological molecules. 
A) There is no mechanism for buffering pH changes in blood. 
B) Excess H+ disrupts hydrogen bonds, thereby destroying the cohesion between water molecules. 
C) Buffers can only work properly within a narrow pH range. 
D) Most biological molecules function optimally only within a narrow pH range. 
E) Excess H+ facilitates hydrogen bonds, which disrupt the structural integrity of biological molecules.

Question 13

The pH of black coffee is about 5, while the pH of lemon juice is about 2. Lemon juice is therefore approximately ____ times more acidic than black coffee.

Accepted Answer

A) 3 
B) 2 
C) 10 
D) 100 
E) 1,000 
A) 3 
B) 2 
C) 10 
D) 100 
E) 1,000

Question 14

All atoms of a given element contain the same number of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ions 
B) protons only 
C) neutrons only 
D) electrons and neutrons 
E) protons and neutrons 
A) ions 
B) protons only 
C) neutrons only 
D) electrons and neutrons 
E) protons and neutrons

Question 15

Match the chemical bond descriptions with the type of bond listed below. Each answer may be used more than once.
-sharing of electrons between two atoms

Accepted Answer

A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond 
A) ionic bond 
B) covalent bond 
C) hydrogen bond

Question 16

The measure of an atom's ability to pull electrons away from another atom is called ____.

Accepted Answer

A) electronegativity 
B) polarity 
C) charge 
D) concentration 
E) atomic number 
A) electronegativity 
B) polarity 
C) charge 
D) concentration 
E) atomic number

Question 17

For an atom to be electrically neutral, it must have the same number of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) electrons and neutrons only 
B) electrons and protons only 
C) neutrons and protons only 
D) neutrons only 
E) electrons, neutrons, and protons 
A) electrons and neutrons only 
B) electrons and protons only 
C) neutrons and protons only 
D) neutrons only 
E) electrons, neutrons, and protons

Question 18

Match the following terms with the best description.
-a type of molecule that has atoms of two or more elements

Accepted Answer

A) compound 
B) polarity 
C) electronegativity 
D) ion 
A) compound 
B) polarity 
C) electronegativity 
D) ion

Question 19

Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are in its third energy level?

Accepted Answer

A) two 
B) four 
C) six 
D) eight 
E) ten 
A) two 
B) four 
C) six 
D) eight 
E) ten

Exam 2: Lifes Chemical Basis

Match the following terms with the best description. -an atom's ability to pull electrons away from another atom

Sodium (Na) atoms often lose the single electron that is in their outermost shell. How does losing the electron affect sodium's charge?

Which type of chemical bond joins the oxygen (atomic number 8) and carbon (atomic number 6) atoms in carbon dioxide (CO2)?

Match the chemical bond descriptions with the type of bond listed below. Each answer may be used more than once. -single, double, or triple bonds can exist between two atoms

Match the following terms with the best description. -a charged atom

Carbon has several isotopes including 12C and 14C. These isotopes differ in the number of ____.

Due to their instability, free radicals ____.

An atom of which element possesses electrons in only the first and second energy levels? (The number in parentheses indicates the number of electrons in an atom of that element.)

What is the pH of a solution in which the number of H+ ions equals the number of OH- ions?

Explain why atoms such as helium (atomic number 2), neon (atomic number 10), and argon (atomic number 18) do not react with other atoms.

Match the terms with their most suitable description. -atomic number

Why is pH stability important for homeostasis?

The pH of black coffee is about 5, while the pH of lemon juice is about 2. Lemon juice is therefore approximately ____ times more acidic than black coffee.

All atoms of a given element contain the same number of ____.

Match the chemical bond descriptions with the type of bond listed below. Each answer may be used more than once. -sharing of electrons between two atoms

The measure of an atom's ability to pull electrons away from another atom is called ____.

For an atom to be electrically neutral, it must have the same number of ____.

Match the following terms with the best description. -a type of molecule that has atoms of two or more elements

Magnesium has 12 protons. How many electrons are in its third energy level?

The Science of Biology

Molecules of Life

Cell Structure

Ground Rules of Metabolism

Where It Starts-Photosynthesis

Releasing Chemical Energy

DNA Structure and Function

From DNA to Protein

Control of Gene Expression

How Cells Reproduce

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction

Patterns in Inherited Traits

Human Inheritance

Biotechnology

Evidence of Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Lifes Origin and Early Evolution

Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea

The Protists

Plant Evolution

Fungi

Animals I: Major Invertebrate Groups

Animals Ii: the Chordates

Plant Tissues

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Reproduction and Development

Animal Tissues and Organ Systems

Neural Control

Sensory Perception

Endocrine Control

Structural Support and Movement

Circulation

Immunity

Respiration

Digestion and Human Nutrition

Maintaining the Internal Environment

Reproduction and Development

Animal Behavior

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

The Biosphere

Human Effects on the Biosphere

Filters

Which type of chemical bond joins the oxygen (atomic number 8) and carbon (atomic number 6) atoms in carbon dioxide (CO₂)?

Carbon has several isotopes including ¹²C and ¹⁴C. These isotopes differ in the number of ____.

What is the pH of a solution in which the number of H⁺ ions equals the number of OH^- ions?