Question 1

Carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters cells by simple diffusion between phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Fibronectin and the fibroblasts that secrete it are primary components of connective tissues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

During osmosis:

Accepted Answer

A)  Water moves down its own concentration gradient. 
B)  Water moves to an area of higher solute concentration. 
C)  The solute moves against its concentration gradient. 
D)  All of these. 
E)  Water moves down its own concentration gradient and moves to an area of higher solute concentration. 
A)  Water moves down its own concentration gradient. 
B)  Water moves to an area of higher solute concentration. 
C)  The solute moves against its concentration gradient. 
D)  All of these. 
E)  Water moves down its own concentration gradient and moves to an area of higher solute concentration.

Question 4

Complete each of the following statments.
Simple diffusion of different substances through the cell membrane can occur through the phospholipid region and through ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Simple diffusion...

Question 5

Complete each of the following statments.
Glucose moves against its concentration gradient through the cell membrane by passing through carriers that simultaneously transport ____________________ ions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
Glucose moves...

Question 6

Identify the true statement(s) about the plasma membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)  Its lipid region allows most ions to diffuse between the cytosol and ECF. 
B)  Its channels allow cholesterol to diffuse between the ECF and cytosol. 
C)  Some of its carriers transport sodium. 
D)  Its phospholipids are held to one another by CAMs. 
E)  All except its phospholipids are held to one another by CAMs. 
A)  Its lipid region allows most ions to diffuse between the cytosol and ECF. 
B)  Its channels allow cholesterol to diffuse between the ECF and cytosol. 
C)  Some of its carriers transport sodium. 
D)  Its phospholipids are held to one another by CAMs. 
E)  All except its phospholipids are held to one another by CAMs.

Question 7

Select the substance that promotes cell adhesion.

Accepted Answer

A)  GLUT 
B)  collagen 
C)  elastin 
D)  fibronectin 
E)  glycolipid 
A)  GLUT 
B)  collagen 
C)  elastin 
D)  fibronectin 
E)  glycolipid

Question 8

The primary barrier to passage of water-soluble substances across the plasma membrane is the outer layer of carbohydrates.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Describe the transport of glucose out of an intestinal cell and into the blood.

Accepted Answer

Glucose is transported from the intestin

Question 10

In the plasma membrane, the polar ends of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophilic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Complete each of the following statments.
The model of the plasma membrane as a lipid bilayer studded and penetrated by proteins is known as the ____________________ model of membrane structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Complete each of the following statments.
The model...

Question 12

If two similar molecules can both combine with the same carrier, the presence of one of these molecules decreases the rate of entry of the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

The surface carbohydrates within the plasma membrane serve as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which cells use to grip hold of one another and to surrounding connective-tissue fibers.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In cystic fibrosis, defective chloride channels allow too many chloride ions to enter the cell, causing the cell to become hypertonic to the ECF and swell.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Dephosphorylation of the Na+-K+ pump causes three Na+ ions to move out of a cell against a concentration gradient.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Solution 1 has a higher concentration of NaCl than solution 2. A membrane permeable only to Na+ and water separates the two membranes. Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Na+ will diffuse into solution 2 until the two solutions become isotonic. 
B)  Solution 2 has a higher osmotic pressure. 
C)  A membrane potential will develop, with the negative region being on the side with solution 1. 
D)  Solution 2 will gain water from solution 1. 
E)  Solution 2 has a higher osmotic pressure and will gain water from solution 1. 
A)  Na+ will diffuse into solution 2 until the two solutions become isotonic. 
B)  Solution 2 has a higher osmotic pressure. 
C)  A membrane potential will develop, with the negative region being on the side with solution 1. 
D)  Solution 2 will gain water from solution 1. 
E)  Solution 2 has a higher osmotic pressure and will gain water from solution 1.

Question 17

By osmosis, water always moves to an area of

Accepted Answer

A)  lower osmotic pressure 
B)  higher hydrostatic pressure 
C)  higher solute concentration 
D)  higher water concentration 
E)  lower osmotic pressure and higher water concentration 
A)  lower osmotic pressure 
B)  higher hydrostatic pressure 
C)  higher solute concentration 
D)  higher water concentration 
E)  lower osmotic pressure and higher water concentration

Question 18

Scurvy is caused by a vitamin C deficiency that prevents the proper development of desmosomes; hence, tissue cells do not hold together.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Glucose enters some cells

Accepted Answer

A)  through primary active transport 
B)  through secondary active transport 
C)  through facilitated diffusion 
D)  all of these 
E)  through secondary active transport and facilitated diffusion 
A)  through primary active transport 
B)  through secondary active transport 
C)  through facilitated diffusion 
D)  all of these 
E)  through secondary active transport and facilitated diffusion

Question 20

The rate of carrier-mediated transport is limited by

Accepted Answer

A)  protein location in the membrane 
B)  osmolarity 
C)  tonicity 
D)  competition with other molecules 
E)  none of these 
A)  protein location in the membrane 
B)  osmolarity 
C)  tonicity 
D)  competition with other molecules 
E)  none of these

Exam 3: The Plasma Membrane and Membrane Potential

Carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters cells by simple diffusion between phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane.

Fibronectin and the fibroblasts that secrete it are primary components of connective tissues.

During osmosis:

Complete each of the following statments. Simple diffusion of different substances through the cell membrane can occur through the phospholipid region and through ____________________.

Complete each of the following statments. Glucose moves against its concentration gradient through the cell membrane by passing through carriers that simultaneously transport ____________________ ions.

Identify the true statement(s) about the plasma membrane.

Select the substance that promotes cell adhesion.

The primary barrier to passage of water-soluble substances across the plasma membrane is the outer layer of carbohydrates.

Describe the transport of glucose out of an intestinal cell and into the blood.

In the plasma membrane, the polar ends of the phospholipid molecules are hydrophilic.

Complete each of the following statments. The model of the plasma membrane as a lipid bilayer studded and penetrated by proteins is known as the ____________________ model of membrane structure.

If two similar molecules can both combine with the same carrier, the presence of one of these molecules decreases the rate of entry of the other.

The surface carbohydrates within the plasma membrane serve as cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), which cells use to grip hold of one another and to surrounding connective-tissue fibers.

In cystic fibrosis, defective chloride channels allow too many chloride ions to enter the cell, causing the cell to become hypertonic to the ECF and swell.

Dephosphorylation of the Na+-K+ pump causes three Na+ ions to move out of a cell against a concentration gradient.

Solution 1 has a higher concentration of NaCl than solution 2. A membrane permeable only to Na+ and water separates the two membranes. Which of the following is true?

By osmosis, water always moves to an area of

Scurvy is caused by a vitamin C deficiency that prevents the proper development of desmosomes; hence, tissue cells do not hold together.

Glucose enters some cells

The rate of carrier-mediated transport is limited by

Introduction to Physiology and Homeostasis

Cell Physiology

Principles of Neural and Hormonal Communication

A--The Central Nervous System

B--The Central Nervous System

A--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

B--The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division

A--Muscle Physiology

B--Muscle Physiology

A--Cardiac Physiology

B--Cardiac Physiology

The Blood Vessels and Blood Pressure

The Blood

Body Defenses

A--The Respiratory System

B--The Respiratory System

A--The Urinary System

B--The Urinary System

A--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

B--Fluid and Acid-Base Balance

A--The Digestive System

B--The Digestive System

Energy Balance and Temperature Regulation

A--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

B--Principles of Endocrinology: the Central Endocrine Glands

A--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

B--The Peripheral Endocrine Glands

A--The Reproductive System

B--The Reproductive System

Filters

Dephosphorylation of the Na⁺-K⁺ pump causes three Na+ ions to move out of a cell against a concentration gradient.

Solution 1 has a higher concentration of NaCl than solution 2. A membrane permeable only to Na⁺ and water separates the two membranes. Which of the following is true?