Question 1

Nested PCR is very sensitive and specific because

Accepted Answer

A)  it uses more than one DNA polymerase to make three to four times the amount of PCR products than standard PCR. 
B)  the assay itself basically serves as a form of internal control and ensures specificity. 
C)  the assay will act as a form of external control, ensuring specificity and sensitivity. 
D)  the fluorochrome that is attached to the primers ensures specificity of the nucleotides that are attached to the template. 
A)  it uses more than one DNA polymerase to make three to four times the amount of PCR products than standard PCR. 
B)  the assay itself basically serves as a form of internal control and ensures specificity. 
C)  the assay will act as a form of external control, ensuring specificity and sensitivity. 
D)  the fluorochrome that is attached to the primers ensures specificity of the nucleotides that are attached to the template.

Question 2

The steps for performing the Southern blot test include all the following, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  After the labeled probe is hybridized to the specific target, the DNA is electrophoresed again, then dried and read. 
B)  The DNA is first digested with restriction enzymes. 
C)  Once digested, the DNA is separated and immobilized onto a solid membrane. 
D)  Labeled probe is hybridized to the specific DNA sequence. 
A)  After the labeled probe is hybridized to the specific target, the DNA is electrophoresed again, then dried and read. 
B)  The DNA is first digested with restriction enzymes. 
C)  Once digested, the DNA is separated and immobilized onto a solid membrane. 
D)  Labeled probe is hybridized to the specific DNA sequence.

Question 3

In a PCR, the target DNA is

Accepted Answer

A)  complexed with RNA. 
B)  made using reverse transcriptase. 
C)  exponentially amplified over many cycles of PCR. 
D)  separated so that the solution can be electrophoresed and a Northern blot performed. 
A)  complexed with RNA. 
B)  made using reverse transcriptase. 
C)  exponentially amplified over many cycles of PCR. 
D)  separated so that the solution can be electrophoresed and a Northern blot performed.

Question 4

The advantages of real-time PCR over standard PCR include all the following, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  A positive result can be observed very quickly with RT-PCR. 
B)  RT-PCR does not use agarose gel. 
C)  RT-PCR does not accumulate hazardous waste. 
D)  RT-PCR uses open tubes like standard PCR. 
A)  A positive result can be observed very quickly with RT-PCR. 
B)  RT-PCR does not use agarose gel. 
C)  RT-PCR does not accumulate hazardous waste. 
D)  RT-PCR uses open tubes like standard PCR.

Question 5

The Southern blot test separates

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  DNA. 
A)  RNA. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  lipids. 
D)  DNA.

Question 6

A Northern blot is used to detect

Accepted Answer

A)  proteins. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  lipids. 
A)  proteins. 
B)  RNA. 
C)  DNA. 
D)  lipids.

Question 7

What is the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methodology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The transfer of energy is made from a donor dye molecule to an acceptor dye molecule. 
B)  A fluorescent probe is mixed with labeled primers and a sandwich occurs where the fluorescent molecule is activated to fluorescent. 
C)  A light shines on the fluorescent probe label and it fluoresces. 
D)  A chromogenic substrate is mixed into solution, and when it combines with the Taq DNA polymerase, a fluorophore is formed and it fluoresces. 
A)  The transfer of energy is made from a donor dye molecule to an acceptor dye molecule. 
B)  A fluorescent probe is mixed with labeled primers and a sandwich occurs where the fluorescent molecule is activated to fluorescent. 
C)  A light shines on the fluorescent probe label and it fluoresces. 
D)  A chromogenic substrate is mixed into solution, and when it combines with the Taq DNA polymerase, a fluorophore is formed and it fluoresces.

Question 8

PCR requires all of the following components, except

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA helicase. 
B)  DNA polymerase. 
C)  oligonucleotides (primers). 
D)  deoxynucleotide triphosphates. 
A)  DNA helicase. 
B)  DNA polymerase. 
C)  oligonucleotides (primers). 
D)  deoxynucleotide triphosphates.

Question 9

All of the following amplified typing techniques are used to differentiate strains for an organism, except

Accepted Answer

A)  random amplified polymorphic DNA. 
B)  PFGE. 
C)  repetitive palindromic extragenic elements PCR. 
D)  multilocus sequence typing 
A)  random amplified polymorphic DNA. 
B)  PFGE. 
C)  repetitive palindromic extragenic elements PCR. 
D)  multilocus sequence typing

Exam 11: Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Nested PCR is very sensitive and specific because

The steps for performing the Southern blot test include all the following, except:

In a PCR, the target DNA is

The advantages of real-time PCR over standard PCR include all the following, except:

The Southern blot test separates

A Northern blot is used to detect

What is the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) methodology?

PCR requires all of the following components, except

All of the following amplified typing techniques are used to differentiate strains for an organism, except

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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