Question 1

How should vitreous washings be processed in the laboratory for recovery of bacterial pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Directly plate the fluid. 
B)  Centrifuge the fluid. 
C)  Pass the fluid through 0.45 µL membrane filter and lay filter on media. 
D)  Dilute the fluid with normal saline. 
A)  Directly plate the fluid. 
B)  Centrifuge the fluid. 
C)  Pass the fluid through 0.45 µL membrane filter and lay filter on media. 
D)  Dilute the fluid with normal saline. C

Question 2

What are the most frequent etiologic agents of endophthalmitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
B)  Staphylococcus saprophyticus 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Staphylococcus epidermidis 
B)  Staphylococcus saprophyticus 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Escherichia coli A

Question 3

Bacterial keratitis associated with contact lenses in warmer climates is commonly caused by which of the following organisms?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corynebacterium spp. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
D)  Viridans streptococci 
A)  Corynebacterium spp. 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
D)  Viridans streptococci C

Question 4

When performing conjunctival cultures, all of the following are required for best results, except?

Accepted Answer

A)  The specimen should be collected on a transport swab. 
B)  The sample should be plated directly when possible. 
C)  The specimen requisition must be filled out completely. 
D)  The ophthalmologist must communicate with the personnel performing the culture. 
A)  The specimen should be collected on a transport swab. 
B)  The sample should be plated directly when possible. 
C)  The specimen requisition must be filled out completely. 
D)  The ophthalmologist must communicate with the personnel performing the culture.

Question 5

Bacteria that cause keratitis associated with contact lenses often initiate infection through which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biofilm formation 
B)  Growth in the contact lens 
C)  Attachment to the lens 
D)  Contamination of the fluid coating the lens 
A)  Biofilm formation 
B)  Growth in the contact lens 
C)  Attachment to the lens 
D)  Contamination of the fluid coating the lens

Question 6

What condition is considered a true ocular emergency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjunctivitis 
B)  Blepharitis 
C)  Microbial keratitis 
D)  Yellowing of the sclera 
A)  Conjunctivitis 
B)  Blepharitis 
C)  Microbial keratitis 
D)  Yellowing of the sclera

Question 7

Nosocomial transfer of which virus can occur during optometry examinations through contaminated tonometer tips?

Accepted Answer

A)  Adenovirus 
B)  Caliciviruses 
C)  Herpesviruses 
D)  Enteroviruses 
A)  Adenovirus 
B)  Caliciviruses 
C)  Herpesviruses 
D)  Enteroviruses

Question 8

Contact with bees and other insects is a high risk factor for keratitis caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  Fusarium sp. 
B)  Microsporidia. 
C)  Adenovirus. 
D)  Mycobacterium abscessus. 
A)  Fusarium sp. 
B)  Microsporidia. 
C)  Adenovirus. 
D)  Mycobacterium abscessus.

Question 9

What organism causes neonatal conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and trachoma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlamydia trachomatis 
B)  Streptococcus trachomatis 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis 
A)  Chlamydia trachomatis 
B)  Streptococcus trachomatis 
C)  Staphylococcus aureus 
D)  Neisseria meningitidis

Question 10

All of the following are common risk factors associated with ocular infection, except

Accepted Answer

A)  age. 
B)  sex. 
C)  personal hygiene. 
D)  social economic status. 
A)  age. 
B)  sex. 
C)  personal hygiene. 
D)  social economic status.

Question 11

What is blepharitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inflammation of the conjunctiva 
B)  Inflammation of the sclera 
C)  Inflammation of the lacrimal gland 
D)  Inflammation of the lid margins 
A)  Inflammation of the conjunctiva 
B)  Inflammation of the sclera 
C)  Inflammation of the lacrimal gland 
D)  Inflammation of the lid margins

Question 12

Which condition is a medical emergency in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic sinusitis 
B)  Lacrimitis 
C)  Preseptal cellulitis 
D)  Orbital cellulitis 
A)  Chronic sinusitis 
B)  Lacrimitis 
C)  Preseptal cellulitis 
D)  Orbital cellulitis

Question 13

All of the following factors determine whether a pathogen can cause disease in the eye, except

Accepted Answer

A)  characteristics of the invading organism. 
B)  health of normal microbiota. 
C)  integrity of underlying tissue. 
D)  host's immune system. 
A)  characteristics of the invading organism. 
B)  health of normal microbiota. 
C)  integrity of underlying tissue. 
D)  host's immune system.

Question 14

What is the most common route of administration for ophthalmic drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Topical 
B)  Intravenous 
C)  Intramuscularly 
D)  Oral 
A)  Topical 
B)  Intravenous 
C)  Intramuscularly 
D)  Oral

Question 15

Which of the following make up the majority of indigenous ocular microbial biota?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mobiluncus and Lactobacillus 
B)  Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacteria 
C)  Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus 
D)  Moraxella and Corynebacteria 
A)  Mobiluncus and Lactobacillus 
B)  Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Corynebacteria 
C)  Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Lactobacillus 
D)  Moraxella and Corynebacteria

Question 16

What parasite is responsible for causing a form of blindness in West Africa?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hookworm 
B)  Pinworm 
C)  Loa loa 
D)  Whipworm 
A)  Hookworm 
B)  Pinworm 
C)  Loa loa 
D)  Whipworm

Question 17

What contains enzymes and other factors that protect the conjunctiva from microbial invasion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skin 
B)  Tears 
C)  Eye lid 
D)  Eye lashes 
A)  Skin 
B)  Tears 
C)  Eye lid 
D)  Eye lashes

Question 18

A layer of tears blankets the cornea to provide all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  waste elimination. 
B)  optical clarity. 
C)  lubrication. 
D)  nutrition. 
A)  waste elimination. 
B)  optical clarity. 
C)  lubrication. 
D)  nutrition.

Question 19

Microorganisms can gain entry into orbital tissue in all the following ways, except

Accepted Answer

A)  surgery. 
B)  eyelid infections. 
C)  dental caries. 
D)  carrying organisms on facial skin. 
A)  surgery. 
B)  eyelid infections. 
C)  dental caries. 
D)  carrying organisms on facial skin.

Question 20

What is the leading cause of infectious blindness and ocular morbidity in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epstein-Barr virus 
B)  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
C)  Human papillomavirus (HPV) 
D)  Herpes simplex virus (HSV) 
A)  Epstein-Barr virus 
B)  Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 
C)  Human papillomavirus (HPV) 
D)  Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Exam 41: Ocular Infections

How should vitreous washings be processed in the laboratory for recovery of bacterial pathogens?

What are the most frequent etiologic agents of endophthalmitis?

Bacterial keratitis associated with contact lenses in warmer climates is commonly caused by which of the following organisms?

When performing conjunctival cultures, all of the following are required for best results, except?

Bacteria that cause keratitis associated with contact lenses often initiate infection through which of the following?

What condition is considered a true ocular emergency?

Nosocomial transfer of which virus can occur during optometry examinations through contaminated tonometer tips?

Contact with bees and other insects is a high risk factor for keratitis caused by

What organism causes neonatal conjunctivitis, lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), and trachoma?

All of the following are common risk factors associated with ocular infection, except

What is blepharitis?

Which condition is a medical emergency in children?

All of the following factors determine whether a pathogen can cause disease in the eye, except

What is the most common route of administration for ophthalmic drugs?

Which of the following make up the majority of indigenous ocular microbial biota?

What parasite is responsible for causing a form of blindness in West Africa?

What contains enzymes and other factors that protect the conjunctiva from microbial invasion?

A layer of tears blankets the cornea to provide all of the following, except

Microorganisms can gain entry into orbital tissue in all the following ways, except

What is the leading cause of infectious blindness and ocular morbidity in the United States?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

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