Question 1

All the following organisms are found in the GI tract, except

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteroides. 
B)  Clostridium. 
C)  Propionibacterium. 
D)  Bifidobacterium. 
A)  Bacteroides. 
B)  Clostridium. 
C)  Propionibacterium. 
D)  Bifidobacterium. C

Question 2

Material from an intestinal abscess produces gray colonies with a brown color in the area around the colonies on a BBE plate incubated anaerobically. There is also a dark precipitate in the medium in the areas of heavy growth. A Gram stain of the colonies reveals gram-negative coccobacilli. What is the presumptive identification of this organism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteroides vulgatus 
B)  B. fragilis 
C)  B. pneumoniae 
D)  B. denticola 
A)  Bacteroides vulgatus 
B)  B. fragilis 
C)  B. pneumoniae 
D)  B. denticola B

Question 3

How long are anaerobic cultures routinely held in the laboratory?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 to 2 days 
B)  3 to 4 days 
C)  5 to 7 days 
D)  7 to 9 days 
A)  1 to 2 days 
B)  3 to 4 days 
C)  5 to 7 days 
D)  7 to 9 days C

Question 4

An immunosuppressed patient notices sinus tracts that are draining pus. He also notices that there appear to be small, hard "nuggets" in the pus. What disease is he most likely suffering from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gas gangrene 
B)  Pseudomembranous colitis 
C)  Actinomycosis 
D)  Myonecrosis 
A)  Gas gangrene 
B)  Pseudomembranous colitis 
C)  Actinomycosis 
D)  Myonecrosis

Question 5

What is the ideal anaerobic incubation system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anaerobic chamber 
B)  Anaerobic jars 
C)  Anaerobic bags 
D)  Candle jars 
A)  Anaerobic chamber 
B)  Anaerobic jars 
C)  Anaerobic bags 
D)  Candle jars

Question 6

What is the most common causative agent of gas gangrene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
C)  Clostridium perfringens 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Neisseria gonorrhoeae 
C)  Clostridium perfringens 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae

Question 7

What disease does Clostridium botulinum cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Botulism 
B)  Tetanus 
C)  Lyme disease 
D)  Myonecrosis 
A)  Botulism 
B)  Tetanus 
C)  Lyme disease 
D)  Myonecrosis

Question 8

All of the following are non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli, except

Accepted Answer

A)  Actinomyces. 
B)  Bifidobacterium. 
C)  Eubacterium. 
D)  Clostridium. 
A)  Actinomyces. 
B)  Bifidobacterium. 
C)  Eubacterium. 
D)  Clostridium.

Question 9

All of the following procedures should be performed on clinical specimens to recover anaerobic bacteria, except

Accepted Answer

A)  specimen plating on appropriate tubed and plated media. 
B)  anaerobic incubation. 
C)  Kinyoun stain. 
D)  Gram stain. 
A)  specimen plating on appropriate tubed and plated media. 
B)  anaerobic incubation. 
C)  Kinyoun stain. 
D)  Gram stain.

Question 10

Gram stains of specimens for anaerobic cultures should be examined for all the following reasons, except

Accepted Answer

A)  the Gram stain reveals various types and relative number of bacteria present. 
B)  certain morphotypes can provide a presumptive identification and will guide media selection. 
C)  the Gram stain often reveals the presence of leukocytes. 
D)  the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines recommend Gram stains on all anaerobic specimens. 
A)  the Gram stain reveals various types and relative number of bacteria present. 
B)  certain morphotypes can provide a presumptive identification and will guide media selection. 
C)  the Gram stain often reveals the presence of leukocytes. 
D)  the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines recommend Gram stains on all anaerobic specimens.

Question 11

How is the true Gram stain reaction of an anaerobe determined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Special potency disks 
B)  Shape and colony morphology 
C)  Aerotolerance 
D)  Direct fluorescent antibody (DF
A)  
A)  Special potency disks 
B)  Shape and colony morphology 
C)  Aerotolerance 
D)  Direct fluorescent antibody (DF
A)

Question 12

All of the following are approaches to treating anaerobic infections, except

Accepted Answer

A)  surgical therapy. 
B)  hyperbaric oxygen. 
C)  antitoxins. 
D)  enzyme inactivators. 
A)  surgical therapy. 
B)  hyperbaric oxygen. 
C)  antitoxins. 
D)  enzyme inactivators.

Question 13

What disk is used to presumptively identify Peptostreptococcus anaerobius?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bile 
B)  Nitrate 
C)  Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) 
D)  Indole 
A)  Bile 
B)  Nitrate 
C)  Sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) 
D)  Indole

Question 14

What substances do organisms that use oxygen have to protect themselves from superoxide anions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyaluronidase and proteases 
B)  Exotoxins and superoxide dismutase 
C)  Enterotoxins and lipase 
D)  Superoxide dismutase and catalase 
A)  Hyaluronidase and proteases 
B)  Exotoxins and superoxide dismutase 
C)  Enterotoxins and lipase 
D)  Superoxide dismutase and catalase

Question 15

What disease does Clostridium perfringens cause?

Accepted Answer

A)  Botulism 
B)  Tetanus 
C)  Food poisoning 
D)  Toxic shock syndrome 
A)  Botulism 
B)  Tetanus 
C)  Food poisoning 
D)  Toxic shock syndrome

Question 16

What organism mostly commonly causes gas gangrene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium difficile 
B)  C. tetani 
C)  C. perfringens 
D)  C. botulinum 
A)  Clostridium difficile 
B)  C. tetani 
C)  C. perfringens 
D)  C. botulinum

Question 17

A vaginal swab is received for anaerobic culture. How should this request be handled or processed?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plate material to anaerobic plates and incubate 
B)  Place swab in culture broth and incubate 
C)  Place swab in sterile saline, vortex, use saline to inoculate anaerobic plates then incubate 
D)  Contact the physician, this is an unacceptable specimen 
A)  Plate material to anaerobic plates and incubate 
B)  Place swab in culture broth and incubate 
C)  Place swab in sterile saline, vortex, use saline to inoculate anaerobic plates then incubate 
D)  Contact the physician, this is an unacceptable specimen

Question 18

All of the following reasons are cited for performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing on anaerobes by the Clinical and CLSI, except

Accepted Answer

A)  to determine the resistance mechanisms in anaerobes. 
B)  to assist in the management of patients with serious illnesses. 
C)  to monitor local and regional resistance patterns. 
D)  to determine susceptibility of anaerobes to new antimicrobials. 
A)  to determine the resistance mechanisms in anaerobes. 
B)  to assist in the management of patients with serious illnesses. 
C)  to monitor local and regional resistance patterns. 
D)  to determine susceptibility of anaerobes to new antimicrobials.

Question 19

What is an obligate anaerobe?

Accepted Answer

A)  An organism that requires some oxygen but moderate concentrations of CO2 to live 
B)  An organism that requires small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide to live 
C)  An organism that grows only in the absence of molecular oxygen 
D)  An organism that can live with very little oxygen 
A)  An organism that requires some oxygen but moderate concentrations of CO2 to live 
B)  An organism that requires small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide to live 
C)  An organism that grows only in the absence of molecular oxygen 
D)  An organism that can live with very little oxygen

Question 20

On egg-yolk agar, Clostridium perfringens will demonstrate:

Accepted Answer

A)  brown to black colonies with a halo 
B)  bluish-green sheen on surface of colonies 
C)  off-white precipitate around colonies 
D)  All of the above 
A)  brown to black colonies with a halo 
B)  bluish-green sheen on surface of colonies 
C)  off-white precipitate around colonies 
D)  All of the above

Exam 22: Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

All the following organisms are found in the GI tract, except

How long are anaerobic cultures routinely held in the laboratory?

An immunosuppressed patient notices sinus tracts that are draining pus. He also notices that there appear to be small, hard "nuggets" in the pus. What disease is he most likely suffering from?

What is the ideal anaerobic incubation system?

What is the most common causative agent of gas gangrene?

What disease does Clostridium botulinum cause?

All of the following are non-spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive bacilli, except

All of the following procedures should be performed on clinical specimens to recover anaerobic bacteria, except

Gram stains of specimens for anaerobic cultures should be examined for all the following reasons, except

How is the true Gram stain reaction of an anaerobe determined?

All of the following are approaches to treating anaerobic infections, except

What disk is used to presumptively identify Peptostreptococcus anaerobius?

What substances do organisms that use oxygen have to protect themselves from superoxide anions?

What disease does Clostridium perfringens cause?

What organism mostly commonly causes gas gangrene?

A vaginal swab is received for anaerobic culture. How should this request be handled or processed?

All of the following reasons are cited for performing antimicrobial susceptibility testing on anaerobes by the Clinical and CLSI, except

What is an obligate anaerobe?

On egg-yolk agar, Clostridium perfringens will demonstrate:

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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