Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a mission statement for an institution?

Accepted Answer

A)  "The AFMS Flagship-Comprehensive Healthcare…On Time…On Target" 
B)  "Working Together for a Healthy America" 
C)  "Your Total eLearning Solution" 
D)  "Will Answer Questions Correctly 95% of the Time" 
A)  "The AFMS Flagship-Comprehensive Healthcare…On Time…On Target" 
B)  "Working Together for a Healthy America" 
C)  "Your Total eLearning Solution" 
D)  "Will Answer Questions Correctly 95% of the Time" B

Question 2

Quality control is designed to

Accepted Answer

A)  ensure the medical reliability of laboratory data. 
B)  check media 
C)  check reagents 
D)  monitor incubator and refrigerator temperatures 
A)  ensure the medical reliability of laboratory data. 
B)  check media 
C)  check reagents 
D)  monitor incubator and refrigerator temperatures A

Question 3

Popular media choices for maintaining stock cultures include

Accepted Answer

A)  Tryptic soy agar deeps. 
B)  cornmeal. 
C)  Sabouraud dextrose. 
D)  Cystine tryptic agar with glucose. 
A)  Tryptic soy agar deeps. 
B)  cornmeal. 
C)  Sabouraud dextrose. 
D)  Cystine tryptic agar with glucose. A

Question 4

Incidence is

Accepted Answer

A)  the frequency of a disease at a designated single point in time in the population being tested. 
B)  the number of new cases of disease over a period of time. 
C)  proportion of negative test results in a population known to be free of disease. 
D)  positive results in patients with the disease. 
A)  the frequency of a disease at a designated single point in time in the population being tested. 
B)  the number of new cases of disease over a period of time. 
C)  proportion of negative test results in a population known to be free of disease. 
D)  positive results in patients with the disease.

Question 5

A test can have both a positive and a negative predictive value (NPV). All the following elements are needed to compute the positive and NPV of a test, except

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitivity of a test. 
B)  specificity of a test. 
C)  type of disease being tested. 
D)  prevalence of the disease being tested. 
A)  sensitivity of a test. 
B)  specificity of a test. 
C)  type of disease being tested. 
D)  prevalence of the disease being tested.

Question 6

All of the following activities will directly affect the quality of a laboratory test, except

Accepted Answer

A)  preanalytic. 
B)  analytic. 
C)  accreditation. 
D)  postanalytic. 
A)  preanalytic. 
B)  analytic. 
C)  accreditation. 
D)  postanalytic.

Question 7

A group of 10 patients are to be tested: six are known to have a disease and four are disease free. If the four disease-free patients tested negative for this disease, what would the clinical specificity of this test be?

Accepted Answer

A)  100% 
B)  60% 
C)  40% 
D)  50% 
A)  100% 
B)  60% 
C)  40% 
D)  50%

Question 8

How can personnel competency be determined?

Accepted Answer

A)  Asking an employee to explain how to do a test 
B)  Proficiency testing 
C)  Asking another employee to comment on someone's competency 
D)  Assuming competency from one's credentials 
A)  Asking an employee to explain how to do a test 
B)  Proficiency testing 
C)  Asking another employee to comment on someone's competency 
D)  Assuming competency from one's credentials

Question 9

When a medium needs to be quality controlled because it was prepared in house or because it is complex, all the following rules must be followed, except:

Accepted Answer

A)  Only media not specified in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines should be tested. 
B)  The medium should be tested for sterility and pH. 
C)  The organism selected for quality control testing should represent most fastidious organisms for which the medium is designed. 
D)  Testing techniques should be different for primary plating media than for biochemical or subculturing media. 
A)  Only media not specified in Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines should be tested. 
B)  The medium should be tested for sterility and pH. 
C)  The organism selected for quality control testing should represent most fastidious organisms for which the medium is designed. 
D)  Testing techniques should be different for primary plating media than for biochemical or subculturing media.

Question 10

Quality control stock cultures are available from all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  American Type Culture Collection (ATC
C) . 
B)  commercial sources. 
C)  proficiency testing isolates. 
D)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C) . 
A)  American Type Culture Collection (ATC
C) . 
B)  commercial sources. 
C)  proficiency testing isolates. 
D)  Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD
C) .

Question 11

Confirmation is used after

Accepted Answer

A)  careful consideration by the doctor to do the test. 
B)  a test that has a low predictive value. 
C)  a test that has a low specificity. 
D)  obtaining a positive screening result. 
A)  careful consideration by the doctor to do the test. 
B)  a test that has a low predictive value. 
C)  a test that has a low specificity. 
D)  obtaining a positive screening result.

Question 12

Thermometers used in the laboratory must be calibrated before they are put into use. This is accomplished by

Accepted Answer

A)  sending to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to determine its accuracy. 
B)  checking against an NIST thermometer. 
C)  measuring the grades to make sure they are the standard size and accurate. 
D)  using a colored dye. 
A)  sending to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to determine its accuracy. 
B)  checking against an NIST thermometer. 
C)  measuring the grades to make sure they are the standard size and accurate. 
D)  using a colored dye.

Question 13

A technician is performing a chemistry test on a control sample. The technician gets the following values for the control: 4.3, 4.3, 4.3, 4.2, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, and 4.4. The actual value is 4.3. These results are said to be

Accepted Answer

A)  systematically inaccurate. 
B)  sensitive. 
C)  accurate. 
D)  bias. 
A)  systematically inaccurate. 
B)  sensitive. 
C)  accurate. 
D)  bias.

Question 14

Reagents that should undergo quality control in the microbiology laboratory include all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  Optochin. 
B)  immersion oil. 
C)  $\beta$-lactamase. 
D)  nitrate. 
A)  Optochin. 
B)  immersion oil. 
C)  $\beta$-lactamase. 
D)  nitrate.

Question 15

Customers of a laboratory include all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  patients. 
B)  insurers. 
C)  doctors. 
D)  accrediting organizations. 
A)  patients. 
B)  insurers. 
C)  doctors. 
D)  accrediting organizations.

Question 16

The efficiency of a test indicates

Accepted Answer

A)  the percentage of patients who test positive for the disease. 
B)  the percentage of patients who are correctly identified as having or not having the disease. 
C)  the percentage of patients who test negative for the disease. 
D)  the number of patients tested for a disease. 
A)  the percentage of patients who test positive for the disease. 
B)  the percentage of patients who are correctly identified as having or not having the disease. 
C)  the percentage of patients who test negative for the disease. 
D)  the number of patients tested for a disease.

Question 17

Actual laboratory testing is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  preanalytic activity. 
B)  analytic activity. 
C)  postanalytic activity. 
D)  research activity. 
A)  preanalytic activity. 
B)  analytic activity. 
C)  postanalytic activity. 
D)  research activity.

Question 18

When choosing a test to perform in your laboratory, an in-house verification is always performed. Verification of a test

Accepted Answer

A)  serves to establish that the performance parameters of the test are satisfactory. 
B)  lets technicians actually perform the test. 
C)  lets physicians perform the test. 
D)  allows laboratory management to view positive results. 
A)  serves to establish that the performance parameters of the test are satisfactory. 
B)  lets technicians actually perform the test. 
C)  lets physicians perform the test. 
D)  allows laboratory management to view positive results.

Question 19

Screening is

Accepted Answer

A)  used for only particular test analytes. 
B)  not practical in a hospital laboratory. 
C)  used for testing large populations of patients. 
D)  when a high incidence of a disease is found in a population. 
A)  used for only particular test analytes. 
B)  not practical in a hospital laboratory. 
C)  used for testing large populations of patients. 
D)  when a high incidence of a disease is found in a population.

Question 20

Test validation is the ongoing process of providing information that a test is performing correctly. The components of validation include all the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  quality control. 
B)  specimen requirements. 
C)  proficiency testing. 
D)  instrument calibration. 
A)  quality control. 
B)  specimen requirements. 
C)  proficiency testing. 
D)  instrument calibration.

Exam 5: Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Which of the following is an example of a mission statement for an institution?

Quality control is designed to

Popular media choices for maintaining stock cultures include

Incidence is

A test can have both a positive and a negative predictive value (NPV). All the following elements are needed to compute the positive and NPV of a test, except

All of the following activities will directly affect the quality of a laboratory test, except

A group of 10 patients are to be tested: six are known to have a disease and four are disease free. If the four disease-free patients tested negative for this disease, what would the clinical specificity of this test be?

How can personnel competency be determined?

When a medium needs to be quality controlled because it was prepared in house or because it is complex, all the following rules must be followed, except:

Quality control stock cultures are available from all of the following, except

Confirmation is used after

Thermometers used in the laboratory must be calibrated before they are put into use. This is accomplished by

A technician is performing a chemistry test on a control sample. The technician gets the following values for the control: 4.3, 4.3, 4.3, 4.2, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, and 4.4. The actual value is 4.3. These results are said to be

Reagents that should undergo quality control in the microbiology laboratory include all the following, except

Customers of a laboratory include all the following, except

The efficiency of a test indicates

Actual laboratory testing is called a(n)

When choosing a test to perform in your laboratory, an in-house verification is always performed. Verification of a test

Screening is

Test validation is the ongoing process of providing information that a test is performing correctly. The components of validation include all the following, except

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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