Question 1

When a child with cancer contracts cytomegalovirus (CMV), how does it manifest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renal failure 
B)  Pneumonia 
C)  Septicemia 
D)  Meningitis 
A)  Renal failure 
B)  Pneumonia 
C)  Septicemia 
D)  Meningitis B

Question 2

The primary contributing factor to lower respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis is

Accepted Answer

A)  low leukocyte numbers. 
B)  decrease in cellular immune function. 
C)  decreased antibody production. 
D)  increased mucus viscosity. 
A)  low leukocyte numbers. 
B)  decrease in cellular immune function. 
C)  decreased antibody production. 
D)  increased mucus viscosity. D

Question 3

Organisms that are commonly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia include

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
B)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
D)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae. 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 
B)  Streptococcus pyogenes. 
C)  Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 
D)  Corynebacterium diphtheriae. A

Question 4

Postsplenectomy patients are more susceptible to infections with all the following agents, except

Accepted Answer

A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus. 
A)  Streptococcus pneumoniae. 
B)  Haemophilus influenzae. 
C)  Neisseria meningitidis. 
D)  Staphylococcus aureus.

Question 5

The primary cause of immunodeficiency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to human immunodeficiency virus is because of the virus' attack on which of the following cell types?

Accepted Answer

A)  Granulocytes 
B)  Helper T cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Stem cells 
A)  Granulocytes 
B)  Helper T cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Stem cells

Question 6

T and B cells are part of which of the following defense mechanism of animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytosis 
B)  Innate immune system 
C)  Adaptive immune system 
D)  Nonspecific general barriers 
A)  Phagocytosis 
B)  Innate immune system 
C)  Adaptive immune system 
D)  Nonspecific general barriers

Question 7

The primary cause of immune suppression in patients with diabetes is

Accepted Answer

A)  high blood glucose levels. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  ketoacidosis. 
D)  increased mucus viscosity. 
A)  high blood glucose levels. 
B)  increased urine output. 
C)  ketoacidosis. 
D)  increased mucus viscosity.

Question 8

All of the following immune defense mechanisms are depressed in burn patients, except

Accepted Answer

A)  humoral defense mechanisms. 
B)  complement activity. 
C)  cell-mediated defenses. 
D)  IgG. 
A)  humoral defense mechanisms. 
B)  complement activity. 
C)  cell-mediated defenses. 
D)  IgG.

Question 9

Which organism accounts for up to 45% of interstitial pneumonia cases in cancer patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Pneumocystis jirovecii 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Pneumocystis jirovecii 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 10

All of the following are often associated with immunosuppression, except

Accepted Answer

A)  human immunodeficiency virus infection. 
B)  acute leukemia. 
C)  anemia. 
D)  chemotherapy. 
A)  human immunodeficiency virus infection. 
B)  acute leukemia. 
C)  anemia. 
D)  chemotherapy.

Question 11

What is usually the leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Infections 
D)  Congestive heart failure 
A)  Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Infections 
D)  Congestive heart failure

Question 12

To which bacteria are people with C3 deficiency particularly susceptible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Toxoplasma gondii 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Staphylococcus aureus 
B)  Toxoplasma gondii 
C)  Listeria monocytogenes 
D)  Streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 13

Cancer chemotherapy does all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibit inflammation. 
B)  reduce capillary permeability. 
C)  decrease cellular exudation. 
D)  inhibit neutrophils ability to destroy bacteria. 
A)  inhibit inflammation. 
B)  reduce capillary permeability. 
C)  decrease cellular exudation. 
D)  inhibit neutrophils ability to destroy bacteria.

Question 14

What are patients called who have a serious disease and who are highly predisposed to infections by a variety of opportunistic bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pathogens?

Accepted Answer

A)  Elderly compromised 
B)  Immunocompromised 
C)  Defective responders 
D)  Extraneous responders 
A)  Elderly compromised 
B)  Immunocompromised 
C)  Defective responders 
D)  Extraneous responders

Question 15

What condition is most likely to occur in patients with severe neutropenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Bronchitis 
C)  Meningitis 
D)  Septicemia 
A)  Pneumonia 
B)  Bronchitis 
C)  Meningitis 
D)  Septicemia

Question 16

Patients with hematologic malignancies and those who have undergone surgery for tumors involving the head and spine may be at risk for developing

Accepted Answer

A)  meningitis. 
B)  septicemia. 
C)  pneumonia. 
D)  osteomyelitis. 
A)  meningitis. 
B)  septicemia. 
C)  pneumonia. 
D)  osteomyelitis.

Question 17

What two parasitic agents commonly affect patients with malignancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giardia lamblia and Listeria monocytogenes 
B)  Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lamblia 
C)  Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii 
D)  Toxoplasma gondii and Wuchereria bancrofti 
A)  Giardia lamblia and Listeria monocytogenes 
B)  Strongyloides stercoralis and Giardia lamblia 
C)  Pneumocystis jirovecii and Toxoplasma gondii 
D)  Toxoplasma gondii and Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 18

In which disease is a decrease in the number and function of neutrophils seen, including the inability to migrate to sites of inflammation, impaired phagocytosis, and reduced killing of ingested organisms, placing these patients at higher risk of infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anemia 
B)  Hypogammaglobulinemia 
C)  Hodgkin disease 
D)  Hypergammaglobulinemia 
A)  Anemia 
B)  Hypogammaglobulinemia 
C)  Hodgkin disease 
D)  Hypergammaglobulinemia

Question 19

Which of the following immune mechanisms may be decreased in patients with malignancy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell-mediated immune response 
B)  Antibody production 
C)  Mucous membranes barriers 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Cell-mediated immune response 
B)  Antibody production 
C)  Mucous membranes barriers 
D)  All of the above

Question 20

Patients with granulocyte (neutrophil) counts below _____ are at a significant risk for developing an infection along with a high rate of mortality?

Accepted Answer

A)  50,000 cells/mm3 
B)  10,000 cells/mm3 
C)  5000 cells/mm3 
D)  1000 cells/mm3 
A)  50,000 cells/mm3 
B)  10,000 cells/mm3 
C)  5000 cells/mm3 
D)  1000 cells/mm3

Exam 39: Infections in Special Populations

When a child with cancer contracts cytomegalovirus (CMV), how does it manifest?

The primary contributing factor to lower respiratory tract infections in patients with cystic fibrosis is

Organisms that are commonly associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia include

Postsplenectomy patients are more susceptible to infections with all the following agents, except

The primary cause of immunodeficiency in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome due to human immunodeficiency virus is because of the virus' attack on which of the following cell types?

T and B cells are part of which of the following defense mechanism of animals?

The primary cause of immune suppression in patients with diabetes is

All of the following immune defense mechanisms are depressed in burn patients, except

Which organism accounts for up to 45% of interstitial pneumonia cases in cancer patients?

All of the following are often associated with immunosuppression, except

What is usually the leading cause of death in immunocompromised patients?

To which bacteria are people with C3 deficiency particularly susceptible?

Cancer chemotherapy does all of the following, except

What are patients called who have a serious disease and who are highly predisposed to infections by a variety of opportunistic bacterial, fungal, parasitic, and viral pathogens?

What condition is most likely to occur in patients with severe neutropenia?

Patients with hematologic malignancies and those who have undergone surgery for tumors involving the head and spine may be at risk for developing

What two parasitic agents commonly affect patients with malignancy?

In which disease is a decrease in the number and function of neutrophils seen, including the inability to migrate to sites of inflammation, impaired phagocytosis, and reduced killing of ingested organisms, placing these patients at higher risk of infection?

Which of the following immune mechanisms may be decreased in patients with malignancy?

Patients with granulocyte (neutrophil) counts below _____ are at a significant risk for developing an infection along with a high rate of mortality?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Biofilms: Architects of Disease

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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