Question 1

What is a sessile-type biofilm?

Accepted Answer

A)  A biofilm made up of free-floating microorganisms 
B)  A multiple-species biofilm 
C)  A biofilm that is attached and made up of multiple species 
D)  A biofilm that is present in an aquatic environment 
A)  A biofilm made up of free-floating microorganisms 
B)  A multiple-species biofilm 
C)  A biofilm that is attached and made up of multiple species 
D)  A biofilm that is present in an aquatic environment C

Question 2

What types of cells in a biofilm are viable but nonculturable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phagocytes 
B)  Persister 
C)  Attachment cells 
D)  Layering cells 
A)  Phagocytes 
B)  Persister 
C)  Attachment cells 
D)  Layering cells B

Question 3

Cobiofilms of what two organisms are associated with serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae 
A)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Moraxella 
B)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia 
C)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium tuberculosis 
D)  Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae B

Question 4

What happens to dental plaque if it is allowed to remain undisturbed for several days?

Accepted Answer

A)  The biofilm disaggregates. 
B)  The persister cells predominate the biofilm. 
C)  Pathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
D)  Nonpathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
A)  The biofilm disaggregates. 
B)  The persister cells predominate the biofilm. 
C)  Pathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm. 
D)  Nonpathogenic bacteria become the main bacterial constituents of the biofilm.

Question 5

What disease, caused by biofilms, consumes more resources in the intensive care unit (ICU) than any other infectious disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Septicemia with coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B)  Urinary tract infections due to gram-negative rods 
C)  Surgical site infections 
D)  Ventilator-associated pneumonia 
A)  Septicemia with coagulase-negative staphylococci 
B)  Urinary tract infections due to gram-negative rods 
C)  Surgical site infections 
D)  Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Question 6

Biofilms can protect its members from

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies. 
B)  oxygen-reactive molecules. 
C)  antimicrobial drugs. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  antibodies. 
B)  oxygen-reactive molecules. 
C)  antimicrobial drugs. 
D)  All of the above

Question 7

Biofilms are a survival strategy for all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  planktonic free-floating phenotypes. 
B)  optimizing nutritional resources. 
C)  battling shear forces. 
D)  survival, horizontal gene transfer, and growth. 
A)  planktonic free-floating phenotypes. 
B)  optimizing nutritional resources. 
C)  battling shear forces. 
D)  survival, horizontal gene transfer, and growth.

Question 8

In this level of the biofilm, the organisms slightly downregulate their metabolic activity, but they can still use nutrients and exchange genes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata 
A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata

Question 9

How do microorganisms that live in close proximity exchange DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frame-shift mutations and plasmid uptake 
B)  Transformation and conjugation 
C)  Conjugation and frame-shift mutations 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Frame-shift mutations and plasmid uptake 
B)  Transformation and conjugation 
C)  Conjugation and frame-shift mutations 
D)  All of the above

Question 10

In this level of the biofilm, the organisms downregulate very efficiently and are the least metabolically active.

Accepted Answer

A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata 
A)  Outer 
B)  Intermediate 
C)  Inner 
D)  Substrata

Question 11

What is stage II of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irreversible binding phase 
B)  Multiplication phase 
C)  Attachment phase 
D)  Layering phase 
A)  Irreversible binding phase 
B)  Multiplication phase 
C)  Attachment phase 
D)  Layering phase

Question 12

All the following are laboratory-associated problems related to identifying biofilm-associated diseases, except

Accepted Answer

A)  false-positive cultures. 
B)  false-negative cultures. 
C)  viable but noncultural organisms. 
D)  loss of or decreased antimicrobial susceptibility. 
A)  false-positive cultures. 
B)  false-negative cultures. 
C)  viable but noncultural organisms. 
D)  loss of or decreased antimicrobial susceptibility.

Question 13

What process allows the bacteria of the biofilm to spread to other body sites?

Accepted Answer

A)  Conjugation 
B)  Transformation 
C)  Disaggregation 
D)  Planktonization 
A)  Conjugation 
B)  Transformation 
C)  Disaggregation 
D)  Planktonization

Question 14

What is stage III of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Irreversible binding phase 
B)  Layering phase 
C)  Attachment phase 
D)  Multiplication phase 
A)  Irreversible binding phase 
B)  Layering phase 
C)  Attachment phase 
D)  Multiplication phase

Question 15

What is stage I of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiplication phase 
B)  Irreversible binding phase 
C)  Layering phase 
D)  Attachment phase 
A)  Multiplication phase 
B)  Irreversible binding phase 
C)  Layering phase 
D)  Attachment phase

Question 16

What is the common name for a dental biofilm?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cavity 
B)  Gingivitis 
C)  Periodontitis 
D)  Plaque 
A)  Cavity 
B)  Gingivitis 
C)  Periodontitis 
D)  Plaque

Question 17

What are the metabolically inert microorganisms present in a biofilm called?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spores 
B)  Pheromone cells 
C)  Quorum sensing cells 
D)  Persister cells 
A)  Spores 
B)  Pheromone cells 
C)  Quorum sensing cells 
D)  Persister cells

Question 18

All of the following environmental and key cultural characteristics affect biofilms, except

Accepted Answer

A)  movement of biotic surface. 
B)  genotypic factors. 
C)  nutritional resources. 
D)  mechanical factors and sheer forces. 
A)  movement of biotic surface. 
B)  genotypic factors. 
C)  nutritional resources. 
D)  mechanical factors and sheer forces.

Question 19

What is stage IV of biofilm development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Multiplication phase 
B)  Thickening phase 
C)  Cell dispersion 
D)  Planktonic stage 
A)  Multiplication phase 
B)  Thickening phase 
C)  Cell dispersion 
D)  Planktonic stage

Question 20

In which step of the infectious process could biofilms help bacteria when it comes to colonization of indwelling medical devices?

Accepted Answer

A)  Downregulation 
B)  Phenotypic variation 
C)  Genotypic variation 
D)  Attachment 
A)  Downregulation 
B)  Phenotypic variation 
C)  Genotypic variation 
D)  Attachment

Exam 31: Biofilms: Architects of Disease

What is a sessile-type biofilm?

What types of cells in a biofilm are viable but nonculturable?

Cobiofilms of what two organisms are associated with serious lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients?

What happens to dental plaque if it is allowed to remain undisturbed for several days?

What disease, caused by biofilms, consumes more resources in the intensive care unit (ICU) than any other infectious disease?

Biofilms can protect its members from

Biofilms are a survival strategy for all of the following except

In this level of the biofilm, the organisms slightly downregulate their metabolic activity, but they can still use nutrients and exchange genes.

How do microorganisms that live in close proximity exchange DNA?

In this level of the biofilm, the organisms downregulate very efficiently and are the least metabolically active.

What is stage II of biofilm development?

All the following are laboratory-associated problems related to identifying biofilm-associated diseases, except

What process allows the bacteria of the biofilm to spread to other body sites?

What is stage III of biofilm development?

What is stage I of biofilm development?

What is the common name for a dental biofilm?

What are the metabolically inert microorganisms present in a biofilm called?

All of the following environmental and key cultural characteristics affect biofilms, except

What is stage IV of biofilm development?

In which step of the infectious process could biofilms help bacteria when it comes to colonization of indwelling medical devices?

Bacterial Cell Structure, Physiology, Metabolism, and Genetics

Hostparasite Interaction

The Laboratory Role in Infection Control

Control of Microorganisms

Performance Improvement in the Microbiology Laboratory

Specimen Collection and Processing

Microscopic Examination of Materials From Infected Sites

Use of Colony Morphology for the Presumptive Identification of Microorganisms

Biochemical Identification of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Immunodiagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Applications of Molecular Diagnostics

Antimicrobial Agent Mechanisms of Action and Resistance Mechanisms

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing

Staphylococci

Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Other Catalase-Negative, Gram-Positive Cocci

Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacilli

Neisseria Species and Moraxella Catarrhalis

Haemophilus, Hacek, Legionella, and Other Fastidious Gram-Negative Bacilli

Enterobacteriaceae

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Campylobacter Species

Nonfermenting and Miscellaneous Gram-Negative Bacilli

Anaerobes of Clinical Importance

The Spirochetes

Chlamydia, Rickettsia, and Similar Organisms

Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Medically Significant Fungi

Diagnostic Parasitology

Clinical Virology

Agents of Bioterror and Forensic Microbiology

Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

Skin and Soft Tissue Infections

Gastrointestinal Infections and Food Poisoning

Infections of the Central Nervous System

Bacteremia and Sepsis

Urinary Tract Infections

Genital Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Infections in Special Populations

Zoonotic Diseases

Ocular Infections

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